شاخص‌های دینامیکی و عملکرد ذرت شیرین در سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران.

5 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کمبود آب مهم‌ترین عامل کاهش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است و این عامل در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک تأثیرگذارتر است. ایران کشوری است که متوسط بارندگی آن حدود یک‌سوم متوسط بارش جهانی است و از نظر منابع آب به‌شدت در تنگنا می‌باشد؛ بنابراین ضرورت دارد که با استفاده بهینه، صرفه‌جویی و افزایش راندمان آبیاری به حفظ منابع محدود آب کمک نمود. این تحقیق باتوجه‌به مصرف محصول استراتژیک ذرت و اهمیت مدیریت منابع محدود آب تجدیدپذیر کشور، در رأس آن استفاده از سیستم‌های آبیاری تحت‌فشار در منطقه و در شرایط آب‌وهوایی ارومیه تعریف شد.
مواد و روش ها: به‌منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر شاخص‌های عملکردی و صفات گیاهی ذرت شیرین، تحت سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار 20 درصد بیش‌آبیاری، برابر با نیاز آبی، 20 و 40 درصد کم‌آبیاری در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه ارومیه انجام گردید.مقادیر شاخص های گیاهی قطر ساقه، سطح برگ، عملکرد دانه، تعداد برگ در هر ساقه، عملکرد بیولوژیک (تر)، ماده خشک گیاه و عملکرد بلال در طول فصل کشت در تاریخ های مشخص و همچنین روز برداشت اندازه گیری و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد در حالت کلی اثرات کم آبیاری و بیش‌آبیاری بر عملکرد بیولوژیک، ماده خشک، عملکرد بلال بدون پوشش، وزن سیصد دانه، تعداد برگ و قطر ساقه معنی‌دار بود. همچنین بر اساس نتایج می‌توان بیان کرد که با کاهش مقدار مصرف آب، مقدار عملکرد بلال به‌صورت خطی کاهش می‌یابد. بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد بلال در تیمارهای بیش‌آبیاری و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به ترتیب با میانگین 83/1 و 13/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع به دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: در حالت کلی اثرات کم آبیاری و بیش‌آبیاری بر عملکرد بیولوژیک، ماده خشک، عملکرد بلال بدون پوشش، وزن سیصد دانه، تعداد برگ و قطر ساقه معنی‌دار بود. همچنین بر اساس نتایج می‌توان بیان کرد که با کاهش مقدار مصرف آب، مقدار عملکرد بلال به‌صورت خطی کاهش می‌یابد. بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد بلال در تیمارهای بیش‌آبیاری و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به ترتیب با میانگین 83/1 و 13/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، با کاهش ۲۰ درصدی مصرف آب نسبت به آبیاری کامل، به طور غیر معنی‌داری فقط 02/5 درصد وزن زیست‌توده کاهش پیدا می‌کند. بین تیمار شاهد (برابر نیاز آبی) و ۲۰ درصد کم آبیاری در صفات ماده خشک، عملکرد بلال بدون پوشش، وزن سیصد دانه، تعداد برگ و قطر ساقه، اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. روند تغییرات میزان تجمع عملکرد تر (بیولوژیک) ذرت شیرین از 21 روز پس از کاشت به طور تدریجی شروع و بعد از گذشت 9-6 روز وارد مرحله رشد خطی شد و سپس به طور ثابت ادامه یافت. بیشترین وزن عملکرد بیولوژیک ذرت شیرین در تیمارهای مختلف در 87 روز پس از کاشت مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Dynamic indices and yield of sweet corn under subsurface drip irrigation system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Ebrahimi 1
  • Javad Behmanesh 2
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 3
  • Vahid Varshavian 4
  • Nasrin Azad 5
  • Omid Bahmani 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Water Science and Engineering, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
5 . Ph.D. Graduate in Water Science and Engineering, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Water shortage is the most important factor in reducing the yield of agricultural products all over the world and this factor is more effective in arid and semi-arid regions. Iran is a country whose average rainfall is about one-third of the global average, and in terms of water resources, it is in dire straits. Therefore, it is necessary to help preserve limited water resources by optimal use, saving and increasing irrigation efficiency. This research was defined according to the consumption of the strategic product of corn and the importance of managing the country's limited renewable water resources, on top of that, the use of pressurized irrigation systems in the region and in the climatic conditions of Urmia.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate different levels of irrigation on performance indicators and plant traits of sweet corn, under the subsurface drip irrigation system in the form of a complete randomized block design with four treatments of 20% over-irrigation, equal to the water requirement, 20 and 40% under-irrigation in four replicates in the research farm of the Engineering Department. water of Urmia University. The plant index values of stem diameter, leaf area, grain yield, number of leaves per stem, biological yield (wet), plant dry matter and cob yield during the growing season on specific dates and also on the day of harvest. was taken and evaluated.
Results: The results showed that in general, the effects of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on biological yield, dry matter, uncoated cob yield, 300 seed weight, number of leaves and stem diameter were significant. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that with the reduction of water consumption, the cob yield decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in overwatering and 60% water requirement treatments with an average of 1.83 and 1.13 kg/m2, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, under-irrigation and over-irrigation have a significant effect on biological yield, dry matter, uncoated bale yield, three hundred weight, number of leaves and stem diameter. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that with the reduction of water consumption, the quantity of cobs decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in over-irrigation and 60% water requirement treatments with an average of 1.83 and 1.13 weight per square meter, respectively. According to the results of the research, with a 20% reduction in water consumption compared to full irrigation, only 5.02% of the biomass weight is reduced, apart from significance. Control (equal to water requirement) and 20% less irrigation in dry matter traits, uncoated cob yield, 300 seed weight, number of leaves and stem diameter, no significant difference was observed. The process of changes in the accumulation rate of biological yield of sweet corn initially started from 21 days after planting and after 6-9 days it entered the linear growth stage and then continued steadily. The highest weight of biological yield of sweet corn in different treatments was observed in 87 days after planting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop Dynamics Growth
  • Different Irrigation levels
  • Dry Matter of Sweet Corn
  • Leaf Area Index
  • Water Stress

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 29، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 115-123

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