نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل.
2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان - دانشگاه زابل.
3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه تهران.
4 مربی گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objectives: One of the most important crises that most countries are currently facing is the issue of reducing the quality of water resources. Reducing groundwater resources and increasing pollution, reduced the potential for using groundwater for various uses. One of the main reasons for the decline in groundwater quality is the impact of agricultural drainage due to the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Also, industries that in many cases have contaminated groundwater with chemical and hydrocarbon contaminants. In addition to these factors, the disposal of sewage in cities and villages through absorbent wells made up of viruses and bacteria also contributes to contaminants. Groundwater quality monitoring program can ensure the proper quality of water resources for different uses. Without monitoring, continuous reporting on the quality of the water supply, its evolution, planning for optimal allocation for different uses, assessing the impact of new developments, and designing and implementing management plans is not feasible. Identification of homogeneous regions in terms of groundwater quality in Golestan province of northern Iran using Fuzzy Clustering Method combination with genetic algorithm (GA-FCM) was performed on 14 parameters in a 5- year- time step in 2006, 2011 and 2016.
Material and Methods: To determine the homogeneous regions for each year, the optimal number of clusters was initially obtained. After data clustering in Matlab software, the results of clustering were evaluated qualitatively with Schuler and Wilcox diagrams. For better representation of homogeneous regions, classification maps for the study area were presented.
Result and discussion: The results showed that the optimum numbers of clusters in 2006, 2011, and 2016 were 6, 5, and 6, respectively. Analysis of groundwater quality classification maps showed that in 2006, cluster no. 6, including 2.7% of the studied wells located within the city of Kalaleh, is poor in terms of drinking and farming groundwater quality. Also, based on the results, it can be seen that 36.8% of the wells across the province were in good condition in terms of quality of drinking and agricultural parameters in 2011. Likewise, 33.33% of the wells are in a moderate condition in terms of drinking quality, and the status of their groundwater has improved in terms of quality since 2006. Also, the results of NSGA- FCM in 2016 showed that most of the parameters (5.55% of the wells in the province) in the cluster 3 have a moderate quality.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the groundwater quality in the province in 2016 is lower than in 2011, so appropriate management plans should be adopted. Moreover, it was observed that the fuzzy clustering method is a suitable method for assessing and identification of critical region of the quality of groundwater resources, since it considers the uncertainty conditions in the classes of the classification system.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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