تاثیر باکتری‌های استافیلوکوکوس جداسازی شده از گیاه سالیکورنیا بر روی رشد گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی-دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شوری یکی از گسترده‌ترین فرآیندهای تخریب خاک بوده که باعث محدود شدن افزایش تولید محصولات غذایی در جهت تقاضای بیشتر می‌باشد. تلقیح گیاهان با باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه متحمل به نمک با توان تولید ACC-دآمیناز و ایندول استیک اسید، اغلب اثرات منفی ناشی از غلظت بالای نمک را کاهش داده و موجب بهبود شاخص‌های رشد گیاه می‌شوند. از اینرو هدف از این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر باکتری‌های ریزوسفری و اندوفیتی متحمل به نمک جدا شده از خاک ریزوسفری و ریشه‌های گیاه سالیکورنیا بر شاخص‌های رشد گیاه گندم در غلظت های مختلف شوری بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل شامل: چهار سطح شوری: صفر، 44، 77 و 110 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم و چهار سطح باکتری: تیمارهای بدون باکتری (شاهد)، باکتری ریزوسفری، اندوفیتی و تیمار ترکیبی (ریزوسفری و اندوفیتی) در 3 تکرار طراحی و اجرا شد. پس از برداشت گیاه گندم، ویژگی‌های موفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی آنها اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم افزار SAS صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد گیاه به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر شوری قرار گرفت. افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم از صفر به 44 میلی‌مولار بر همه‌ی شاخص‌های رشد تاثیر منفی نداشت و حتی در برخی موارد موجب بهبود آنها شد. اما با افزایش آن از 44 به 77 و 110 میلی‌‌مولار، شوری تأثیر منفی بر همه شاخص‌های رشد داشت و بیشترین تأثیر منفی در غلظت 110 میلی‌مولار بدست آمد. . در شرایط عدم تنش شوری حضور باکتری‌ها موجب افزایش عملکرد گیاه شد. در شرایط تنش شوری تلقیح جدایه‌های باکتری تاثیر معنی‌داری بر رشد گیاه داشت و موجب افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی (68/26–49/9 درصد)، طول ریشه (47/27–94/3 درصد) ، وزن خشک ریشه (36/47–10درصد) ، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به وزن خشک اندام هوایی (69/20–41/19 درصد) و کاهش درصد نسبی آب برگ (71/11–2/1درصد)، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز (8/15–63/7 درصد) و پرولین (33/33 – 5/12درصد) نسبت به شاهد شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی تلقیح باکتری‌ها، در 7 مورد از 13 شاخص رشد مورد بررسی موجب بهبود آنها شد. دلیل عدم تاثیر در 6 مورد دیگر می‌تواند به نمک دوست بودن باکتری و نسبتا مقاوم بودن رقم مورد استفاده گندم نسبت داده شود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در این آزمایش جهت استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه متحمل به نمک جداسازی شده از گیاه سالیکورنیا به عنوان کود زیستی جهت بهبود شاخص‌های رشد، کاهش اثرات تنش شوری و افزایش عملکرد گیاه گندم نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری (استفاده از سطوح شوری بالا و رقم‌های گندم متفاوت) در سطح گلخانه‌ای می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Staphylococcus sp. Bacteria Isolated from Salicornia Plant on Wheat Growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behzad Razaghi Komar Sofla 1
  • Hossein-Ali Alikhani 2
  • Hasan Etesami 3
1 ...
2 Soil Science and Engineering Dep., College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran,
3 ...
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Salinity is one of the most extensive processes of soil degradation, which limits the increase in the production of food products for more demand. Inoculation of plants with salt tolerant growth promoting bacteria with the ability to produce ACC-deaminase and indole acetic acid often decreases the negative effects of high salt concentration and improves plant growth parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of rhizosphere and endophytic salt tolerant bacteria on salinity isolated from rhizosphere and Salicornia roots on wheat growth parameters in different salinity concentrations.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with four levels of salinity: 0, 44, 77 and 110 mM NaCl and four levels of bacteria: no bacterial treatments (control) rhizosphere, endophytic and combined treatment (rhizosphere and endophytic) were designed and implemented in 3 replications. After harvest, the morphological and physiological characteristics of the wheat were measured. Data analysis was performed using SAS software.
Results: The results showed that plant yield was significantly affected by salinity. Increasing the concentration of NaCl from 0 to 44 mM did not have any effect on all growth parameters, and in some cases, it improved them. But with increasing from 44 to 77 and 110 mM, salinity had a negative effect on all growth parameters and had the highest negative effect in the concentration of 110 mM. . In the absence of salt stress, the presence of bacteria increased plant yield. In salt stress conditions, inoculation of bacterial isolates had a significant effect on plant growth and increased the dry weight of shoot (9.49-26.68%), root length (3.94 -27.47%), dry weight of Root (10-47.36%), dry weight of root ratio dry weight of shoot (19.41-20.69%) and reduction of leaf relative water content (1.2-11.71%), superoxide dismutase (7.63-15.8%) and Proline (12.5-33.33%) than control.
Conclusion: In general, inoculation of bacteria, in 7 of 13 growth parameters resulted in improvement. The reason for not having effect in the other 6 parameters can be attributed to the halotolerant bacterial and the relative resistance of the cultivar used by wheat. According to the results obtained in this study for use of growth promoting bacteria, salt tolerant plant isolated from Salicornia as a bio-fertilizer, to improve growth parameters, reduce the effects of salinity stress and increase the yield of wheat plant requires more studies (using high salinity levels and different wheat cultivars) is at the greenhouse level.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Endophyte Bacteria
  • Salicornia
  • Salinity
  • Wheat

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 26، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1398
صفحه 179-196

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