خاک ریزوسفری گندم دیمزار به‌ عنوان یک منبع مفید برای جداسازی باکتری‌های سودوموناس فلورسنت مقاوم به شوری و خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی-دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه تهران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک-پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران-کرج-ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه لزوم پرداختن به تولید محصولات کشاورزی استراتژیک مانند گندم در محیط‌های تحت تنش جهت دست‌یابی به حداکثر پتانسیل برای تأمین غذا ضرورتی انکار ناپذیر می‌باشد. باکتری‌های سودوموناس فلورسنت از مهم‌ترین ریزوباکتری‎های مفید خاکزی هستند که با داشتن خصوصیات محرک رشدی متعدد عملکرد گیاهان را افزایش می‌دهند.
مواد و روش: این پژوهش به ‌منظور غربالگری 15 جدایه باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنت از خاک ریزوسفری گیاه گندم دیمزار از نظر خصوصیات محرک رشدی مثل توان تولید آنزیم 1- آمینوسیکلو پروپان-1- کربوکسیلیک اسید- دآمیناز ‌ACC)- دآمیناز)، ایندول-3- استیک اسید (IAA)، سیدروفور، حلالیت فسفات‌های نامحلول معدنی (TCP) و هیدروژن سیانید (HCN)(در شرایط شوری و غیر شور)، مقاومت به شوری و خشکی اعمال ‌شده با پلی ‌اتیلن گلیکول (با پتانسیل‌های اسمزی 5-، 10- و 15- بار) صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که همه 15 جدایه دارای توانایی رشد در سطوح مختلف خشکی بودند. در سطح شوری 4 و 10 درصد نمک سدیم کلرید نیز به ترتیب 10 و 2 جدایه توانایی رشد را داشتند. همچنین تمامی این جدایه‎ها توان انحلال TCP و تولید آنزیم -ACC دآمیناز،IAA ، سیدروفور و 9 جدایه توانایی تولید HCN را داشتند. در حضور شوری 4 درصد نمک همه‌ جدایه‎ها قابلیت انحلال TCP، تنها 8 جدایه توان تولید آنزیم ‌ACC- د‎آمیناز، 13 جدایه توان تولید IAA، 6 جدایه توان تولید سیدروفور و 4 جدایه نیز دارای توانایی تولید HCN بودند. در این تحقیق دو جدایه باکتری ریزوسفری (Rh10 و Rh9) به عنوان جدایه‎های برتر انتخاب و شناسایی شدند. شناسایی توالی ژن 16S rRNA این جدایه‎ها نشان داد که مشابهت نزدیکی با سویه‎های Pseudomonas helmanticensis OHA11 و Pseudomonas baetica a390 دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه مجموعه قابل ملاحظه‎ای از سودوموناس‎های فلورسنت جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر گندم دیمزار در این تحقیق توانستند در شوری 4 درصد به خوبی رشد کنند و بعلاوه باکتری‎های مورد مطالعه در سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی، در فشار اسمزی 15- بار یا 62/37 درصد پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول(PEG 6000) توانایی رشد داشتند، ضمنا این باکتری‎ها علاوه بر مقاومت به شوری و خشکی قادر به تولید مؤلفه‌های تحریک رشد گیاه(PGPs) در شرایط شور و غیر شور بودند. به‌ ویژه اینکه نتایج به ‌دست ‌آمده در این پژوهش نشان داد که بعضی از جدایه‌های بومی خاک‌های دیمزار کشور توانایی تولید آنزیم‌ACC - دآمیناز را داشتند البته در تنش شوری 4 درصد نمک سدیم کلرید این توانایی به‎ طور چشمگیری کاهش (6/46 درصد) ‌یافته و حتی در بعضی از جدایه‌ها تولید این آنزیم متوقف شد.
لذا بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان بیان کرد که خاک ریزوسفری گندم دیمزارها می‌تواند منبع مناسبی برای جداسازی باکتری‌های سودوموناس فلورسنت باشد که برخی از این جدایه‎ها نیز توانایی حفظ ویژگی‌های محرک رشدی خود را در شرایط شور دارند. علاوه بر این، از آنجایی‌ که در شرایط دیم مصرف کودهای شیمیایی موجب افزایش مضاعف شوری خاک می‌گردد استفاده از چنین باکتری‌هایی (سودوموناس‌های حل ‌کننده فسفات) می‌تواند برخی از محدودیت‌های تولید گندم در دیمزارها را کاهش دهد. با این وجود کاربرد آن‌ها به ‌عنوان کود زیستی نیازمند آزمون‎های گلخانه‎ای و مزرعه‎ای بیشتر می‎باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rhizosphere soil of dry farming wheat as a useful source for isolating salinity and drought resistance Fluorescent Pseudomonas bacteria

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein-Ali Alikhani 1
  • Jamal Karemzadeh 2
  • Hassan Etesami 3
1 Soil Science and Engineering Dep., College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran,
2 Tehran University
3 Soli Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj-Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Fluorescent Pseudomonads bacteria are one important group of the most important beneficial rhizobacteria that increase the growth of many plants due to having plant growth promoting (PGP) properties.
Materials and methods: This research was carried out to screen 15 Fluorescent Pseudomonads isolates bacteria, isolated from rhizosphere soil of dry farming wheat, in terms of PGP traits such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, solubilization of inorganic insoluble phosphates (Tricalcium phosphate: TCP) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (under non-saline and saline conditions), salinity resistance, drought resistance using polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (with osmotic potentials of ─5, ─10 and ─15 bar).
Results: All 15 isolates had the ability to grow at different drought levels. At the salinity levels of 4 and 10% sodium chloride (NaCl), only 10 and two isolates had the ability to grow. All of these isolates also had the ability to solubilize TCP and produce ACC deaminase, IAA, and siderophore, while nine isolates were positive for producing HCN. In the presence of salinity of 4% NaCl, all isolates were able to solubilize TCP, while only 8, 13, 6, and 4 isolates were able to produce ACC deaminase IAA, siderophore and HCN, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the fact that a considerable amount of Pseudomonas fluorescent isolated from rhizosphere of wheat in this study were able to grow well in salinity of 4%, and also the studied bacteria at different levels of drought stress, in osmotic pressure of -15 Bar or 37.62% polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) were able to grow. In addition to salinity and drought resistance, these bacteria were able to produce plant growth promoting components (PGPs) in the presence and absence of salinity. Specially, the results of this study showed that some native isolates of the dry farming soils of the country were able to produce the ACC-deaminase enzyme, but this ability was significantly reduced (46.6%) in salinity stress (4% sodium chloride salt) and even in some isolates the production of this enzyme was stopped.
Therefore, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that wheat rhizosphere soil of dry farming can be a suitable source for isolating Pseudomonas fluorescent bacteria, some of which have been able to maintain their growth stimulants in the presence of salt. Since, in dry conditions, the use of chemical fertilizers increases soil salinity twice, the use of such bacteria (phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas) can reduce some of the limitations of wheat production in dry farming. However, their application as bio-fertilizer requires more greenhouse and field tests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ACC deaminase
  • Insoluble phosphate
  • Salinity and drought resistance
  • dry farming
  • plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 26، شماره 4
مهر و آبان 1398
صفحه 173-189

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