اثر کاتیون‌های کلسیم، سدیم، پتاسیم و آمونیوم بر جذب روی در تعدادی از خاک‌های آهکی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 استادیار گروه خاک دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جذب یکی از مهمترین فرآیندهای شیمیایی مؤثر بر تحرک و قابلیت ‌استفاده روی در خاک است. حضور کاتیون‌ها در محلول می‌تواند بر جذب روی در خاک‌ها مؤثر باشد. برای بررسی جذب عناصر از همدماهای جذب استفاده می‌شود. همدماهای جذب رابطه مقدار عنصر جذب ‌سطحی شده و غلظت عنصر را در محلول تعادلی در دمای ثابت توصیف می‌کنند. کاتیون‌های کلسیم، سدیم، پتاسیم و آمونیوم از مهمترین کاتیون‌های خاک‌ها هستند. در این مطالعه بررسی اثر کاتیون‌های کلسیم، سدیم، پتاسیم و آمونیوم بر جذب روی در پنج نمونه خاک‌ آهکی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی همدماهای جذب روی در خاک‌های مورد مطالعه و در حضور الکترولیت‌های مختلف آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی اجرا شد. ابتدا نمونه‌های 2 گرمی از هر خاک در 3 تکرار را درون لوله‌های سانتریفیوژ 50 میلی‌لیتری ریخته و سپس 20 میلی‌لیتر از محلول ZnSO4 حاوی غلظت‌های 25، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر روی که در محلول‌های زمینه نمک‌های Ca(NO3)2، NaNO3، KNO3 و NH4NO3 (با غلظت 50 میلی‌مولار) ساخته شده بود به لوله‌ها اضافه و نمونه‌ها به‌مدت 24 ساعت با دستگاه تکان‌دهنده برقی تکان داده شدند. پس از آن محلول صاف رویی جدا شده و غلظت روی در عصاره‌ها (در حال تعادل) با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین شد. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، غلظت روی جذب‌شده از تفاوت بین غلظت اولیه و نهایی (تعادلی) تعیین و سپس معادله‌های لانگ‌مویر، فروندلیچ و خطی بر داده‌ها برازش داده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت روی در محلول تعادلی مقدار جذب روی در خاک‌ها در حضور همه الکترولیت‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. مقدار جذب روی در حضور کلسیم کمتر از سایر کاتیون‌ها بود. معادله‌های فروندلیچ و لانگ‌مویر با داشتن بیشترین ضریب تبیین (R2) و کمترین خطای استاندارد برآورد (SE) قادر به توصیف جذب روی بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که حداکثر ظرفیت جذب روی (b معادله لانگ‌مویر) و شدت جذب (n در معادله فروندلیچ) به‌ترتیب در محلول حاوی کاتیون سدیم، کلسیم، پتاسیم و آمونیوم بیشترین مقدار بود. ثابت متناسب با انرژی پیوند (k لانگ‌مویر) و حداکثر گنجایش بافری (MBC لانگ‌مویر) به‌ترتیب در محلول‌های پتاسیم، آمونیوم، سدیم و کلسیم بیشترین مقدار را داشت. بیشترین ضریب توزیع (kf فروندلیچ) نیز به ترتیب در محلول‌های حاوی سدیم، پتاسیم، آمونیوم و کلسیم بود. بنابراین روی در حضور سدیم و کلسیم به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تمایل را به قرار گیری در فاز جامد دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که سدیم بیش از سایر کاتیون‌ها می‌تواند تحرک روی در خاک‌ها را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Calcium‚ Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium cations on adsorption of Zinc in some calcareous soils of Chaharmahal -va- Bakhtiari Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Abyar 1
  • Alireza Hosseinpur 2
  • Hamid Reza Motaghian 3
1 soil science department Shahrekord University
2 shahrekord univecsity
3
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The adsorption is one of the most important chemical processes affecting the mobility and availability of Zinc (Zn) in the soils. Moreover, the presence of cations in the solution may affect Zn adsorption. Adsorption isotherms were used to determine the characteristics of Zn adsorption. The adsorption isotherms describe relation between adsorbed metal on sorbent and its concentration in equilibrated solution at a constant temperature. The calcium‚ sodium, potassium, and ammonium are the important cations in soil. In this study, the effect of the calcium‚ sodium, potassium, and ammonium on the Zn adsorption in 5 calcareous soils in Chaharmahal va- Bakhtiari was investigated.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was performed using completely randomized design to determine the characteristics of adsorption isotherms of Zn in the studied soils and in the presence of different electrolytes. Two g of each soil (in 3 replicates) placed into centrifuge tubes, then added 20 ml of solution ZnSO4 contains 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg / l of Zn in Ca(NO3)2, NaNO3, KNO3, and NH4NO3 electrolytes (at a concentration of 50 mM). The samples were shaken for 24 h and then were centrifuged (3000 rpm). The soil solution was separated and concentration of Zn in all extractants (in equilibrium) was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GBC model, 932). In the following, the concentration of adsorbed Zn was determined from the difference between initial and final concentration (equilibrium concentration). Then the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Linear equations were fitted to the data.
Results: The results showed that concentration of adsorbed Zn in the all soils and all electrolytes increased by increasing Zn concentrations in the equilibrium solution. Amount of adsorbed Zn in the presence of Ca2+ was lower than the presence of Na+, NH4+, and K+. The Freundlich and Langmuir equations have the highest determination coefficient (R2) and the lowest standard error of estimate (SE). Therefore, these equations were able to describe the characteristics of Zn adsorption. The result of mean comparison showed that the maximum adsorption capacity (b in Langmuir equation) and adsorption intensity (n in Freundlich equation) were highest in the solution contains sodium, calcium, potassium, and ammonium, respectively. The coefficient related to the binding energy (k in Langmuir equation) and maximum buffering capacity (MBC in Langmuir equation) were highest n the solution containing potassium, ammonium, sodium, and calcium, respectively. The highest distribution coefficient was in solutions containing sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium, respectively. Therefore, the highest and lowest affinity of Zn to adsorb onto soil solid phase was in the presence of sodium and calcium, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated that sodium can be decreased mobility of Zn in the calcareous soils more than the other cations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Langmuir
  • Ferunlich
  • Distribution coefficient
  • Sodium
  • Adsorption isotherm

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 25، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1397
صفحه 67-86

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