تاثیر زئولیت و کود گاوی بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد،ایران

2 گروه علوم خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: برای مدیریت بهینه منابع آب و خاک توجه به ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک به‌خصوص ساختمان خاک ضروری است. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک با اضافه کردن مواد آلی و معدنی بهبود می‌یابد. اضافه کردن برخی مواد آلی همواره باعث افزایش کارایی جذب عناصر و بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک می‌شود اما اثر برخی از مواد معدنی نظیر زئولیت علی رغم تأثیر مثبت بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می‌تواند تأثیر منفی نیز داشته باشد که احتیاج به تحقیق بیشتری دارد. بنابراین، این تحقیق با هدف تأثیرکاربرد زئولیت و کود گاوی بر برخی پارامترهای فیزیکی خاک انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تأثیر زئولیت و کود گاوی بر برخی پارامترهای فیزیکی در خاک زیر کشت گیاه ذرت آزمایش گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی در شرایط کنترل شده انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل زئولیت طبیعی در سه سطح (صفر، 6، 12 درصد وزنی) و کود گاوی پوسیده در سه سطح ( صفر، 5/0، 1 درصد وزنی یا صفر، 20، 40 تن هکتار) بودند. خاک آزمایشی از عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متری نمونه‌برداری شد. ویژگی‌های اولیه خاک، کود گاوی و زئولیت طبق روش‌های استاندارد اندازه گیری شد. خاک هر گلدان با تیمارهای آزمایشی با نسبت‌های معین مخلوط و بذر ذرت در آن کاشته شد. مراقبت روزانه و آبیاری کلیه گلدان‌ها با آب مقطر در حد ظرفیت زراعی براساس روش وزنی تا قبل از گلدهی گیاه ذرت به مدت 75 روز انجام گرفت. در پایان دوره رشدی گیاه از طوقه جدا و خاک هرگلدان هوا خشک شد. پارامترهای فیزیکی شامل جرم مخصوص ظاهری، درصد رطوبت اشباع، رس قابل پراکنش در آب و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها براساس روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش مقدار زئولیت، باعث افزایش درصد رطوبت اشباع (تخلخل کل خاک)، رس قابل پراکنش در آب و کاهش جرم مخصوص ظاهری و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (الک خشک) شد. کود گاوی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار جرم مخصوص ظاهری، رس قابل پراکنش در آب و افزایش میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (الک تر)شد. علی‌رغم تأثیر مثبت زئولیت بر روی جرم مخصوص ظاهری و درصد رطوبت اشباع، روی پارامترهای رس قابل پراکنش در آب و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (الک تر) تأثیر منفی داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: زئولیت مانند هر ترکیب دیگر ممکن است اثرات مثبت و منفی داشته باشد. علی‌رغم تأثیر مثبت زئولیت روی برخی پارامترها، بر رس قابل پراکنش در آب و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (الک تر) تأثیر منفی داشت. با توجه به اثر مثبت کود گاوی بر رس قابل پراکنش در آب و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها تلفیق کود گاوی با زئولیت جهت تعدیل اثر منفی زئولیت تا حدودی قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of zeolite and cow manure on some physical properties of soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Zohreh Taghdisi Heydariyan 1
  • Reza Khorassani 2
  • Hojat Emami 2
1 Soil Science Department,Faculty of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran
2 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: In order to optimize the management of soil and water resources, it is necessary to pay attention to the physical properties of soil, especially the soil structure. The soil physical property is improved by adding some mineral and organic matter. The positive effect of organic matter on soil properties and plant nutrition is clear, but adding some mineral materials like zeolite to soil in order to improve soil properties needs to more investigation. Therefore, the aim of this research effect of application of zeolite and cow manure on some physical parameters of soil.
Materials and Methods: In order to study, the effect of zeolite and cow manure on some soil physical parameters a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse under the controlled conditions. The experimental factors consisted of natural zeolite at three levels (0, 6, 12 %) and cow manure at three levels (0, 0.5, 1%). Experimental soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-30 cm. Primary soil characteristics, cow manure and zeolite were measured according to standard methods. Soil of each pot was planted with experimental treatments with mixed ratios and corn seeds. All the pots watered with distilled water at field capacity based on weight before maize flowering plants for 75 days. At the end of the growth period, the plant was separated from the crown and the soil was dried. Physical parameters including bulk density, saturation moisture content, water dispersible clay and mean weight diameter of aggregates were measured according to standard methods.
Results: The results showed that the adding of zeolite levels increased the saturated moisture content (total soil porosity), the water dispersible clay and decreased the bulk density and the mean weight diameter of aggregates (dry sieve). The cow manure had no significant effect on bulk density, total porosity and saturated moisture content. However, the water dispersible clay and the mean weight diameter of aggregates (wet sieve) were significantly decreased by adding organic matter. Despite the positive effect of zeolite on bulk density and saturated moisture content, it showed a negatively effect on the water dispersible clay and the mean weight diameter of aggregates (wet sieve).
Conclusions: Zeolite, like any other compound, may have a positive or negative effect. Despite the positive effect of zeolite on some parameters, there was a negative effect on water dispersible clay and the mean weight diameter of aggregates. With considering the improving influence of organic matter on water dispersible clay and the mean weight diameter of aggregates the combination of cow manure with zeolite could somehow reduce the negative effects of zeolite.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Cow manure
  • Porosity
  • Structural stability
  • Water dispersible clay
  • Zeolite

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 25، شماره 5
آذر و دی 1397
صفحه 149-166

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