بهره‌برداری آب‌های نامتعارف جهت آبیاری گیاه فلفل دلمه‌ای (Capsicum annum) تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانسکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 گروه مهندسی آّب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
افزایش روز افزون جمعیت همگام با معضل بحران جهانی منابع آب شیرین، استفاده از منابع آب نامتعارف در بخش کشاورزی، به عنوان بزرگ‌ترین مصرف‌کننده‌ی آب شیرین، به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک را ضروری می‌سازد. از طرفی شوری یکی از مهمترین تنش‌های محیطی است که رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را محدود می‌کند. یکی از روش‌های غلبه بر مشکلات تنش شوری، شناخت میزان تحمل شوری گیاهان زراعی و باغی می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش امکان‌سنجی استفاده از آب دریای خزر جهت آبیاری گیاه فلفل دلمه‌ای (Capsicum annum) رقم کالیفرنیا واندر تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای بود.
مواد و روش‌ها:
در این تحقیق از 5 سطح اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری، جهت بررسی اثر آن بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه فلفل دلمه‌ای رقم کالیفرنیا واندر استفاده شد. این تحقیق بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با 3 تکرار در سال 1394 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در گلدان اجرا گردید. گلخانه مورد استفاده در شمال کشور ایران و در شهر گرگان با موقعیت جغرافیایی 36 درجه و 51 دقیقه طول شمالی و 54 درجه و 16 دقیقه عرض شرقی و ارتفاع 3/13 متر از سطح دریا واقع بود. بافت خاک مورد استفاده در این طرح سیلتی رسی بود. در این پژوهش مقادیر شوری آب آبیاری شامل (5/0، 0/3، 5/5، 0/8 و 5/10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بود. در انتها تحلیل آماری صفات مورد بررسی (تعداد میوه برداشت شده، متوسط وزن تر میوه، متوسط وزن خشک میوه، عملکرد در واحد سطح و بهره‌وری مصرف آب مبتنی بر وزن تر میوه) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS (ver 9.0) انجام گرفت. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح 5 درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها:
نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مختلف شوری بر تعداد میوه، وزن تر و خشک میوه، عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 10 درصد اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری در مقایسه با سایر رژیم‌های مورد بررسی پس از تیمار شاهد دارای بیشترین میزان متوسط وزن تر و خشک میوه برداشت شده، تعداد میوه برداشت شده، عملکرد در واحد سطح و بهره‌وری مصرف آب بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری:
نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطوح مختلف شوری منجر به کاهش تمامی صفات شد، بطوری‌که افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از 5/0 به 0/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر منجر به کاهش وزن تر میوه و عملکرد به میزان 5/50 و 4/48 درصد شد. نتایج نشان دهنده این موضوع بوده که گیاه فلفل دلمه‌ای به شوری حساس است و اختلاط آب دریا و شهری جهت آبیاری این گیاه قابلیت اجرایی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the use of Irrigation by Caspian Seawater on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) under Greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saber Jamali 1
  • Hossein Sharifan 2
  • Farasat Sajadi 3
1 PhD student, Water engineering department, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.
2 water engineering department, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad.
3 PhD student, water engineering department, Gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Population growth as well as global fresh water shortage problem have necessitated the use of unconventional water resources in agricultural sector, as the largest consumer of fresh water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Salinity is a major environmental stress, limiting plant growth and yield. Determining the extent of salinity tolerance in agricultural and horticultural crops helps overcome the problem. The goal of this study Investigation the use of Irrigation by Caspian Seawater on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) cv. California wonder under Greenhouse conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this study, five mixing use of seawater and fresh water is evaluated on yield and yield components of Sweet Pepper (CV. California wonder). the research was done based in completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting under greenhouse conditions in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2016. Research Station is located in north of Iran at 36° 51' N latitude and 54° 16' E longitude at the south-east corner of Caspian Sea and its height from sea level is 13.3 meters. Soil texture is silty clay. In this study salinity factors consist of 5 levels (0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 8.0 and 10.5 dSm-1). Data obtained (Fruit Fresh and dry weights, Fruit number, Yield, Water use efficiency) were analyzed using statistical software SAS. Ver. 9.0 and the means were compared using LSD range test at 5 % percent.
Results: The results showed that effect of irrigation water salinity on fresh and dry weight of fruit, number of fruit per plant, yield and water use efficiency were highly significant at 1 percent levels (p>0.01). The result showed that the 10 percent mixture of seawater and tap water irrigation regimes compared to other regimes after control regimes had the highest Fruit Fresh and dry weights, number of fruits, yield and water use efficiency, respectively.
Conclusion: The result showed that increasing salinity decreased all characteristic measured, increasing of irrigation water salinity from 0.5 to 3.3 ds/m (10 percent mixing of sea water + tap water) has resulted to redaction of fruit fresh weight and yield to 50.5 and 48.4 percent. The results indicate that sweet pepper plants are sensitive to salinity, mixing of sea water and tap water to irrigate the plants in this greenhouse is not applicable. The results indicate that sweet pepper plants are sensitive to salinity, mixing of sea water and tap water to irrigate the plants in this greenhouse is not applicable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caspian Seawater
  • Salinity stress
  • Sweet pepper
  • Water use efficiency
  • Yield
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