ویژگی‌های جذب مس در خاکدانه‌های با اندازه متفاوت و ارتباط آنها با برخی ویژگی‌های خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه خاک دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: فلزات سنگین از طریق جذب، رسوب و سایر فرآیندهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی در خاک‌ها تجمع می‌یابند. فلزات جذب شده در خاک‌ها می‌توانند به وسیله رواناب به رودخانه‌ها و آ‌‌‌ب‌های زیرسطحی وارد شده و در حیوانات، گیاهان و انسان‌ها تجمع یابند. خاکدانه‌ها اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده ساختمان خاک هستند. خاکدانه‌های با اندازه متفاوت توانایی جذب و انتقال فلز مس متفاوتی دارند. بر این اساس اطلاع از سرنوشت مس در خاکدانه‌ها در درک اثرات مس در خاک‌ها مهم است. جذب ناهمگن مس در خاکدانه‌های مختلف بر تحرک و قابلیت دسترسی این فلز مؤثر است. بنابراین تعیین توانایی خاکدانه‌های مختلف در جذب مس برای مدیریت کشاورزی، مدل‌سازی آبخیز و مطالعات زیست محیطی اهمیت زیادی دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق ویژگی‌های جذب مس در خاکدانه‌های پنج خاک آهکی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری مطالعه شد. خاکدانه‌ها با استفاده از روش الک خشک به 4 بخش (بزرگتر از 2 و 2 تا 25/0 میلی‌متر (خاکدانه‌های درشت) و 25/0 تا 053/0 و کوچکتر از 053/0 میلی‌متر (خاکدانه‌های ریز)) تفکیک شدند. سپس جذب مس در خاکدانه‌های مختلف با استفاده از محلول کلرید کلسیم 01/0 مولار حاوی مس (0 تا 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بررسی شد. به‌علاوه ویژگی‌هایی مانند pH، گنجایش تبادل کاتیونی، کربنات کلسیم معادل، اکسیدهای آهن آزاد، کربن آلی، مقدار کل و قابل استفاده مس در هر خاکدانه تعیین شد. سپس، بر داده‌های مس جذب‌شده معادله‌های لانگ‌مویر، فروندلیچ و خطی برازش داده شد. برای تعیین روابط بین ویژگی‌های جذب مس و ویژگی‌های خاکدانه‌ها از ضریب همبستگی (r) و رگرسیون استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج ویژگی‌های خاکدانه‌ها اکسیدهای آهن آزاد در خاکدانه‌های درشت بیشتر از خاکدانه‌های ریز بود؛ درحالی که OC، CEC و CCE در خاکدانه‌های درشت کمتر از خاکدانه‌های ریز بود. نتایج نشان داد که معادله‌های لانگ‌مویر، فروندلیچ و خطی توانایی توصیف جذب مس را داشتند. نتایج مطالعه جذب مس نشان داد که حداکثر مقدار جذب مس (b در معادله لانگ‌مویر)، حداکثر گنجایش بافری (MBC در معادله لانگ‌مویر) و ضرایب توزیع (kf و B در معادله‌های فروندلیچ و خطی) در خاکدانه‌های ریز بیشتر از خاکدانه‌های درشت بود (05/0 >P)؛ در حالی که انرژی جذب (k در معادله لانگ‌مویر و n در معادله فروندلیچ) در خاکدانه‌های ریز کمتر از خاکدانه‌های درشت بود (05/0 >P). نتایج مطالعه همبستگی نشان داد که pH، گنجایش تبادل کاتیونی و کربنات کلسیم معادل از مؤثرترین ویژگی‌های خاک بر ضرایب معادله‌های توصیف‌کننده جذب مس بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که خاکدانه‌های ریز (کوچکتر از 25/0 میلی‌متر) با ظرفیت جذب مس بیشتر با قدرت کمتر نسبت به خاکدانه‌های درشت (بزرگتر از 25/0 میلی‌متر) پتانسیل تجمع مس دارند، بنابراین در اثر جابه‌جایی این بخش از خاک‌ها در اثر عوامل مختلف به محل‌های دیگر، آلایندگی می‌تواند منتقل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Characteristics of Cu Adsorption in Aggregate size fractions and its relations with some soil properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Khajeali 2
  • alireza hosseinpur 2
1
2 shahrekord University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The heavy metals accumulate in the soil through adsorption, precipitation and other physical and chemical processes. The absorbed metals in the soils can enter into rivers or groundwater by runoff and can concentrate in animals, plants, and humans. The soil aggregates are units of soil structure. The soil aggregates with different size can differently adsorb and transfer the heavy metals such as copper (Cu). Accordingly, information about the fate of Cu in the soil aggregates is important for understanding the effects of Cu in soils. Heterogeneous Cu adsorption in various aggregate fractions influences availability and mobility of this metal. Therefore, ability of aggregate size fractions in sorption of Cu is important for agricultural management, watershed modeling, and environmental research. This paper aims at investigating Cu adsorption in 5 calcareous soils. This goal is of particular importance since although it is important to study Cu adsorption in aggregate size fractions, little research has been proceed to Cu adsorption studies in aggregates. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the Cu adsorption in different aggregate size fractions (ii) to evaluate different models for describing Cu adsorption and (iii) to estimate relation between Cu adsorption characteristics in different aggregate size fractions and soil properties.
Materials and Methods: For separation of soil aggregates of 5 selected calcareous soils from Chaharmahal –va- Bakhtiari Province used the dry sieving method. The soils were divided into 4 sections including aggregates larger than 2 mm, 2 to 0.25 mm, 0.25 to 0.053 mm and smaller than 0.053 mm, and larger aggregates than 0.25 mm and smaller aggregates than 0.25 mm were named macro and microaggregates, respectively. Also, properties including free Fe oxides, OC, CEC, CCE, EC, pH were determined in each aggregate. Then, the Langmuir and Freundlich, and linear were fitted on the adsorption data. To determine relation between properties of Cu adsorption and properties of aggregates used correlation coefficient (r) and regression.
Results: Based on the results of the properties of soil aggregates free iron oxides in the macroaggregates were higher than microaggregates. While OC, CEC, and CCE in the macroaggregates were lower than microaggregates. The results of Cu adsorption showed that maximum of Cu adsorption (b in Langmuir equation), maximum buffering capacity (MBC in Langmuir equation) and distribution coefficient (kf and B in Linear and Freundlich equations) in microaggregates were higher than macroaggregates (P<0.05). While, energy of adsorption (k in Langmuir and n in Freundlich equations) in microaggregates were lower (P<0.05) than microaggregates. The results of correlation study revealed that pH, CEC, and CCE were the most effective soil properties on parameters of adsorption equations.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the microaggregates (smaller than 0.25 mm) with higher capacity of Cu adsorption and lower power compared to macroaggregates (larger than 0.25 mm) have the potential to accumulation of Cu, therefore transfer this part of soils by different processes can entire Cu pollution to other places.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry Sieving
  • Microaggregate
  • Regression
  • Adsorption isotherm
 1.Acosta, J.A., Cano, A.F., Arocena, J.M., Debela, F., and Martinez-Martinez, S. 2009.
Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of
playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain). Geoderma. 149: 101-109.
2.Adhikari, T., and Singh, M.V. 2003. Sorption characteristics of lead and cadmium in some
soils of India. Geoderma. 114: 81-92.
3.Alloway, B.J. 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils: Lead. Blackie and Glasgow. London, Pp: 177-190.
4.Anderson, B., and Jenne, E. 1970. Free iron and manganese oxide content of reference clay.
Soil Sci. 109: 163-169.
5.Anderson, P.R., and Christensen, T.H. 1988. Distribution coefficients of Cd, Co, Ni and Zn in
soils. J. Soil Sci. 39: 15-22.
6.Barber, S.A. 1995. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability: A Mechanistic Approach. Wiley & Sons,
New York, 384p.
7.Barthès, B.G., Kouakoua, E., Larré-Larrouy, M., Razafimbelo, T.M., de Luca, E.F.,
Azontonde, A., Neves, C.S.V.J., de Freitas, P.L., and Feller, C.L. 2008. Texture and
sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils.
Geoderma. 143: 14-25.
8.Ben-Hur, M., Shainberg, I., Bakker, D., and Keren, R. 1985. Effect of soil texture and CaCO3 content
on water infiltration in crusted soil as related to water salinity. Irrigation Science. 6: 281-294.
9.Bradl, H.B. 2004. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. J. Coll. Int.
Sci. 277: 1-18.
10.Cavallaro, N., and McBride, M.B. 1984. Zinc and copper sorption and fixation by an acid
soil clay: Effect of selective dissolutions. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 48: 1050-1054.
11.Elrashidi, M.A., and Oconnor, G.A. 1982. Influence of solution composition on sorption of
zinc by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 46: 1153-1158.
12.Gee, G.W., and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. P 404-407, In: A. Klute (Ed.),
Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
13.Giles, C.H., Smith, D., and Huitson, A. 1974. A general treatment and classification of the
solute adsorption isotherm. I. theoretical. J. Coll. Int. Sci. 47: 755-756.
14.Gong, C., Ma, L., Cheng, H., Liu, Y., Xu, D., Li, B., Liu, F., Ren, Y., Liu, Z., Zhao, C., Yang,
K., Nie, H., and Lang, C. 2014. Characterization of the particle size fraction associated heavy
metals in tropical arable soils from Hainan Island, China. J. Geochem. Exp. 139: 109-114.
15.Hooda, P.S. 2010. Trace Elements in Soils. Kingston University London, UK, 616p.
16.Huang, B., Li, Z., Huang, J., Guo, L., Nie, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Zeng, G. 2014.
Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Zn onto various size fractions of aggregates from red
paddy soil. J. Hazard Mater. 264: 176-183.
17.Jalali, M., and Moharrami, S. 2007. Competitive adsorption of trace elements in calcareous
soils of Western Iran. Geoderma. 140: 156-163.
18.Kabata –Pendias, A. 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC. Press. 505p.
19.Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA test for zinc, iron,
manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 42: 421-428.
20.Liu, P.Y., Wen, Q.L., Li, Y.J., Dong, C.X., and Pan, G.X. 2015. Kinetics of specific and
non-specific copper sorption on aggregates of an acidic paddy soil from the Taihu Lake
region in East China. Pedosphere. 25: 37-45.
21.Marquez, C.O., Garcia V.J., Cambardella, C.A., Schultz, R.C., and Isenhart, T.M. 2004.
Aggregate-size stability distribution and soil stability. Soil Sci. 68: 725-735.
22.McBride, D.B., Tyler, L.D., and Hovde, D.A. 1981. Cadmium adsorption by soils and uptake
by plants as affected by soil chemical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 45: 739-744.
23.Moallemi, S., and Davatgar, N. 2011. Comparison of artificial neural network and regression
pedotransfer functions for prediction of cation exchange capacity in Guilan province soils.
Water Soil Sci. (J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natur. Resour.). 15: 169-182.
24.Mohammadi, J., and Motaghian, H.R. 2011. Spatial prediction of soil aggregate stability and
aggregate associated organic carbon at the catchment scale using geostatistical techniques.
Pedosphere. 21: 389-399.
25.Mojalali, H. 1995. Soil Chemistry. Publishing Center of Tehran University.
26.Morera, M.T., Echeverria, J.C., Mazkiaran, J., and Garrido, J. 2001. Isotherms and sequential
extraction procedures for evaluating sorption and distribution of heavy metals in soils.
Environ. Poll. 113: 135-144.
27.Naghipoor Khalkhalaliani, D., Mesdaghinia, A.R., Mahvi, A.H., Nouri, J., and Vaezi, F.
2006. An experimental study of heavy metal extraction, using various concentration of
EDTA in a sandy loam soils. Pakistan Biological Sciences. 9: 5. 837-842.
28.Nelson, D.W., and Sommers, L.E. 1996. Carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.
P 961-1010, In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison, WI.
29.Nourbakhsh, F., Jalalian, A., and Shariatmadari, H. 2003. Estimation of cation exchange
capacity from some soil physical and chemical properties. Water Soil Sci. (J. Sci. Technol.
Agric. Natur. Resour.). 7: 3. 107-118.
30.Palma, L.D., Ferrantelli, P., and Medici, F. 2005. Heavy metals extraction from
contaminated soil: Recovery of the flushing solution. J. Environ. Manage. 77: 205-211.
31.Qishlaqi, A., and Moore, F. 2007. Statistical analysis of accumulation and sources of heavy
metals occurrence in agricultural soils of Khoshk River Banks, Shiraz, Iran. Amer.-Eurasi. J.
Agri. Environ. Sci. 2: 565-573.
32.Raeisi, T. 2015. Environmental effects of heavy metals in agricultural soils. J. Agric. Engin.
Natur. Resour. 46: 34-37. (In Persian)
33.Rhoades, J.D. 1996. Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. P 417-435,
In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison.
34.Richards, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agricultural
hand book 60. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington D.C., 160p.
35.Sarrano, S., Garrido, F., Campbell, C.G., and Garcia-Gonzalez, M.T. 2005. Competitive
sorption of cadmium and lead in acid soils of central Spain. Geoderma. 124: 91-104.
36.Shukla, M.K., Lal, R., and VanLeeuwen, D. 2007. Spatial variability of aggregate-associated
carbon and nitrogen contents in the reclaimed mine soils of eastern Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc.
Amer. J. 71: 1748-1757.
37.Singh, D., McLaren, R.G., and Cemeron, K.C. 2006. Zinc sorption-desorption by soils:
Effect of concentration and length of contact period. Geoderma. 137: 117-125.
38.Slejko, F. 1985. Adsorption Technology a Step by Step Approach to Process Evaluation and
Application. Marcel-Deeker, New York, 590p.
39.Sparks, D.L. 1985. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Process. Academic Press, 210p.
40.Sparks, D.L. 2003. Environmental Soil Chemistry. Academic Press, 352p.
41.Sposito, G., LaClaire, J.P., LeVesque, S., and Senesi, N. 1982. Methodologies to Predict the
Mobility and Avalibility of Hazardous Metal in Sludge-Amended Soils. University of
California. Davis. CA, 94p.
42.Sumner, M.E., and Miller, W.P. 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients.
Methods of soil analysis. Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America, Book series
number 5.
43.Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. P 475-490, In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of
Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison, WI.
44.Torros, L.G., Lopez, R., and Beltran, M. 2011. Effects of surfactants on low-molecularweight organic acids to wash soil zinc. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 23: 4629-4638.
45.Tume, P., Bech, J., Longan, L., Tume, L., Reverter, F., and Sepulveda, B. 2006. Trace
elements in natural surface soils in Sant Climent (Catalonia, Spain). Ecol. Eng. 27: 145-152.
46.Wang, F., Pan, G., and Li, L. 2009. Effects of free iron oxyhydrates and soil organic matter
on copper sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two paddy soils.
J. Environ. Sci. 21: 618-624.
47.White, W.M. 1993. Dry aggregate distribution. P 659-662, In: M.R. Carter (Ed.), Manual on
Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
48.Zhang, M.K., He, Z.L., Calvert, D.V., Stoffella, P.J., Yang, X.E., and Li, Y.C. 2003.
Phosphorus and heavy metal attachment and release in sandy soil aggregate fractions. Soil
Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 67: 1158-1167.