1.Ahmadi Malakut, E., Soltani, A., and YarAli, N. 2011. A comparison between understory
phytodiversity of a natural forest and forest plantations (Case study: Langerud – Guilan).
Iran. J. For. 20: 157-167. (In Persian)
2.Aliasgharzade, N. 2010. Laboratory methods in soil biology. Tabriz Univ. Press, 522p.
(In Persian)
3.Allen, D.E., Singh, B.P., and Dalal, R.C. 2011. Soil Health Indicators under Climate Change.
A Review of Current Knowledge, 129p.
4.Andrews, S.S., Flora, C.B., Mitchell, J.P., and Karlen, D.L. 2003. Grower's perceptions and
acceptance of soil quality indices. Geoderma. 114: 187-213.
5.Ansari, N., and Seiyed Akhlaghi, S.J. 2009. Comparison of the opinion of rangeland user and
expert about factors influencing natural resources degradation in Iran. Rangeland. 3: 519-532.
(In Persian)
6.Beheshti Al Agha, A., Raiesi, F., and Golchin, A. 2011. The effects of soil disturbance due to
land use change of forest lands to cultivated lands on biological soil quality indices of forest
ecosystems of Northern Iran. J. Agroecol. 3: 439-453. (In Persian)
7.Bonmati, M., Pajola, M., Sana, J., Soliva, M., Felipo, M.T., Gorau, M., Ceccanti, B., and
Nannipieri, P. 1985. Chemical properties in sewage sludge amended soils. Plant and Soil.
84: 79-91.
8.Chen, M.M., Zhu, Y.G., Su, Y.H., Chen, B.D., Fu, B.J., and Marschner, P. 2006. Effects of
soil moisture and plant interactions on the soil microbial community structure. Europ. J. Soil
Biol. 43: 31-38.
9.Davatgar, N., Kavoosi, M., Alinia, M.H., and Paykan, M. 2006. Study of Potassiun Status and
Effect of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil on it in Paddy Soils of Guilan province.
J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natur. Resour. 4: 71-89. (In Persian)
10.Dowden, R.D., Newkirk, K.M., and Rullo, G.M. 1998. Carbon dioxide and methane
fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory – controlled moisture and temperature conditions.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 12: 1591-1597.
11.Fanin, N., and Bertrand, I. 2016. Aboveground litter quality is a better predictor than
belowground microbial communities when estimating carbon mineralization along a
land-use gradient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 94: 48-60.
12.Frazoa, L.A., Picolo, M.C., Feigle, B.J., Cerri, C.C., and Cerri, C.E. 2010. Inorganic
nitrogen, microbial biomass and microbial activity of a sandy Brazilian Cerrado soil under
different land uses. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 135: 161-167.
13.Froughifar, H., Jafarzadah, A.A., Torabi Gelsefidi, H., and Aliasgharzadah, N. 2011. Effect
of Different Landforms on Spatial Variability and Frequency Distribution of Soil Biological
Properties in Tabriz Plain. Water Soil Sci. J. 21: 1-18. (In Persian)
14.Gamboa, A.M., and Galicia, L. 2011. Differential influence of land use/cover change on
topsoil carbon and microbial activity in low-latitude temperate forests. Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment. 142: 280-290.
15.Ghazanshahi, J. 2006. Soil and plant analysis. Homa publication, 272p. (In Persian)
16.Gil-Sotres, F., Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leiros, M.C., and Seoane, S. 2005. Different approaches
to evaluate soil quality using biochemical properties. Soil Biology and Biochemistry.
37: 877-887.
17.Islam, K.R., and Weil, R.R. 2000. Soil quality indicator properties in mid- Atlantic soils as
influenced by conservation management. Soil and Water Conservation Journal. 55: 69-78.
18.Jalali, M., and Rowell, D.L. 1999. The effect of cation exchange capacity, source of
calcium and rate of potassium application on the leaching of K in a sandy soil. P 307,
In: A.E. Johnston and W. Maibaum (Eds.), Balanced Fertilization and Crop Response to
Potassium. IPI, Basel, Switzerland.
19.Kara, O., and Bolat, I. 2007. The effect of different land uses on soil microbial biomass
carbon and nitrogen in Barton province. Turk. J. Agric. For. 32: 281-288.
20.Khormali, F., and Shamsi, S. 2009. Micromorphology and quality attributes of the loess
derived soils affected by land use change: a case study in Ghapan watershed, northern Iran.
J. Moun. Sci. 6: 197-204.
21.Kiani, G. 2006. Evaluation of the nutritional status of Acer velutinum plantations based on leaf
and soil nutrient decomposition. (Case study: Talu Kola region and District 2 of Emre forests
located in Mazandaran province, North of Iran). M.Sc. Thesis, Mazandaran University, 71p.
(In Persian)
22.Kooch, Y. 2012. Soil variability related to pit and mound, canopy cover and individual
trees in a Hyrcanian Oriental Beech stand. Ph.D. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 203p.
(In Persian)
23.Kooch, Y., and Zoghi, Z. 2014. Comparison of soil fertility of Acer insigne, Quercus
castaneifolia and Pinus brutia stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Chine. J. Appl.
Environ. Biol. 20: 899-905.
24.Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Samonil, P., and Hojjati, S.M. 2014. The effects of wind throw
disturbances on biochemical and chemical soil properties in the Northern mountainous
forests of Iran. Catena. 116: 142-148.
25.Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Scharenbroch, B.C., Hojjati, S.M., and Mohammadi, J. 2015.
Pedodiversity analysis in the Caspian forests of Iran. Geoderma Regional. 5: 4-14.
26.Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Zaccone, C., Jalilvand, H., and Hojjati, S.M. 2012. Soil organic
carbon sequestration as affected by afforestation: the Darab Kola forest (North of Iran)
case study. J. Environ. Monitor. 14: 2438-2446.
27.Kooch, Y., Rostayee, F., and Hosseini, S.M. 2016. Effects of tree species on topsoil
properties and nitrogen cycling in natural forest and tree plantations of northern Iran. Catena.
144: 65-73.
28.Koochaki, A., Hosseini, S.M., and Khazaei, H. 1997. Soil Ecology. Ferdowsi University
publication of Mashhad, 258p. (In Persian)
29.Lima, A.C., Brussaard, L., Totola, M.R., Hoogmoed, W.B., and de Goede, R.G. 2013.
A functional evaluation of three indicator sets for assessing soil quality. Applied Soil
Ecology. 64: 194-200.
30.Lotfi, Y., Nourbakhsh, F., and Afyoni, M. 2007. Potential of nitrogen mineralization in
lime soil treatment with two different of organic fertilization. J. Agric. Natur. Resour. Sci.
42: 367-377.
31.Marzaioli, R., D'Ascoli, R., De Pascale, R.A., and Rutigliano, F.A. 2010. Soil quality in a
Mediterranean area of Southern Italy as related to different land use types. Applied Soil
Ecology. 44: 205-212.
32.Miletic, Z., Knezevic, M., Stajic, S., Kosanin, O., and Dordevic, I. 2012. Effect of European
black Alder monocultures on the characteristics of reclaimed mine soil. Inter. J. Environ.
Res. 6: 703-710.
33.Mo, Q., Li, Z., Zhu, W., Zou, B., Li, Y., Yu, S., Ding, Y., Chen, Y., Li, X., and Wang, F.
2016. Reforestation in southern China: revisiting soil N mineralization and nitrification after
8 years restoration. Scientific Reports 6.
34.Nahidan, S., and Noorbakhsh, F. 2009. The impact of management History of soil organic
carbon on Btaglvkvzydaz enzyme sensitive to heavy metals. 11th Soil Science Congress of
Iran. Gorgan Univ. (In Persian)
35.Norbakhsh, F., Moneral, C.M., Emtiazy, G., and Dinel, H. 2002. Asparagines activity in
some soils of central Iran. Arid Land Management. 16: 377-384.
36.Norton, B.J., Sandor, J.A., and White, C.S. 2003. Hill slope soils and organic matter
dynamics within Native American agro ecosystem of the Colorado Plateau. Soil Sci. Soc.
Amer. J. 67: 225-234.
37.Nunes, J.S., Araujo, A.S.F., Nunes, L.A.P.L., Lima, L.M., Carneiro, R.F.V., Salviano,
A.A.C., and Tsai, S.M. 2012. Impact of land degradation on soil microbial biomass and
activity in Northeast Brazil. Pedosphere. 22: 88-95.
38.Peng, Y., and Thomas, S.C. 2006. Soil CO2 efflux in uneven-aged managed forests: temporal
patterns following harvest and effects of edaphic heterogeneity. Plant and Soil. 289: 253-264.
39.Pettersson, F., and Hogbom, L. 2004. Long-term growth effects following forest nitrogen
fertilization in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies stands in Sweden. Scandinavi. J. For. Res.
19: 339-347.
40.Poorzady, M., and Bakhtiari, F. 2009. Spatial and temporal changes of Hyrcanian forest in
Iran. Ital. J. Bio Geosci. For. 2: 198-206.
41.Rafeie Jahed, R., Hosseini, S.M., and Kooch, Y. 2014. The effect of natural and planted
forest stands on soil fertility in the Hyrcanian region, Iran. Biodiversitas. 15: 206-214.
42.Raiesi, F., and Asadi, E. 2006. Soil microbial activity and litter turnover in native grazed and
ungrazed rangelands in a semiarid ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 43: 76-82.
43.Resaneh, Y., Kahnamoei, M., and Salehi, P. 2001. Investigation of Quantitative and
Qualitative of northern forests of Iran. Symposium of northern forests management of Iran
and sustainable development. 1: 56-82.
44.Rostamabadi, A., Tabari, M., and Sayyad, E. 2013. Influence of Alnus subcordata, Populus
deltoides and Taxodium distichum on poor drainage soil, northern Iran. Ecopersia. 1: 207-218.
45.Sagar, S., Hedley, C.B., and Salt, G.J. 2001. Soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and
carbon and nitrogen mineralization in 25 year old Pinus radiata agroforestry regimes. Austr.
J. Soil Res. 39: 491-504.
46.Sariyildiz, T., and Anderson, J.M. 2003. Interactions between litter quality, decomposition
and soil fertility: a laboratory study. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35: 391-399.
47.Sayad, E. 2009. Nutrient return, status of soil macrofauna and biological evaluation of the
impact of plantations of eight tree species on the soil on the Dez river floodplain . Ph.D.
Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 97p. (In Persian)
48.Scahrenbroch, B.C., and Bockheim, J.G. 2007. Pedodiversity in an old – growth northern
hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Can. J. For. Res.
37: 1106-1117.
49.Soleimany Rahimabady, M., Akbarinia, M., and Kooch, Y. 2015. The effect of land covers
on soil quality properties in the Hyrcanian regions of Iran. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 4: 73-79.
50.Soodaee Mashaee, S., Aliasgharzade, N., and Ostan, S. 2008. Kinetics of Nitrogen
Mineralization in Soils Amended with Compost, Vermicompost and Cattle Manure. J. Sci.
Technol. Agric. Natur. Resour. 11: 405-414. (In Persian)
51.Sparling, G.P., and Ross, D.J. 1988. Microbial contribution to the increased nitrogen
mineralization after air drying of soils. Plant and Soil. 105: 163-167.
52.Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, Carol, R., and Simmons, M.F. 2014. Prospects for forestbased ecosystem Services in forest-coffee mosaics as forest loss continues in southwestern
Ethiopia. Applied Geography. 50: 144-151.
53.Varamesh, S. 2009. Comparision of carbon sequestration of broad-leaved and needle-leaved
species in urban forest (Case study: Chitgar park of Tehran). M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares
University, 130p. (In Persian)
54.Wang, W., Wei, X., Liao, W., Blanco, J.A., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., and Guo, S. 2013. Evaluation
of the effects afforests management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen
broad-leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model.
Forest Ecology and Management. 300: 21-32.
55.Yadav, R.S., Yadav, B.L., Chipa, B.R., Dhyani, S.K., and Ram, M. 2010. Soil biological
properties under different tree based traditional agroforestry systems in a semi - arid region
of Rajasthan, India. Agroforestry System. 81: 195-202.
56.Yadava, R. 2012. Soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass as affected by restoration
measures after 26 years of restoration in mined areas of Doon Valley. Inter. J. Environ. Sci.
2: 1380-1385.
57.Yang, K., Zhu, J., Zhang, M., Yan, Q., and Sun, O.J. 2010. Soil microbial biomass carbon
and nitrogen in forest ecosystems of Northeast China: a comparison between natural
secondary forest and larch plantation. J. Plant Ecol. 3: 175-182.
58.Yatso, K.N., and Lilleskov, E.A. 2016. Effects of tree leaf litter, deer fecal pellets and soil
properties on growth of an introduced earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris): Implications for
invasion dynamics. Soil Biol. Biochem. 94: 181-190.
59.Yuan, Z.Y., Chen, F.S., Zeng, D.H., Zhao, Q., and Chen, G.S. 2008. Soil inorganic nitrogen
and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under pine plantations in Zhanggutai sandy soil.
Pedosphere. 18: 775-784.
60.Zaia, F.C., Gama-Rodrigues, A.C., Gama-Rodrigues, E.F., Moço, M.K.S., Fontes, A.G.,
Machado, R.C.R., and Baligar, V.C. 2012. Carbon, nitrogen, organic phosphorus, microbial
biomass and N mineralization in soils under cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil.
Agroforestry systems. 86: 197-212.
61.Zhang, C., Xue, S., Liu, G.B., and Song, Z.L. 2011. A comparison of soil qualities of
different vegetation types in the Loess Plateau, China. Plant and Soil. 347: 163-178.
62.Zifcakova, L., Vetrovsky, T., Howe, A., and Barldrian, P. 2016. Microbial activity in forest
soil reflects the changes in ecosystem properties between summer and winter. Environ.
Microb. 18: 288-301.
)