1.Angulo-Martinz, M., Begueria, S., Navas, A., and Machin, J. 2012. Splash erosion under
natural rainfall on three soil types in NE Spain. Geomorphology. 38: 44. 175-176.
2.Assouline, S., and Ben-Hur, M. 2006. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the
dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena. 66: 211-220.
3.Darvishan, A.V., Dadeghi, S., Homaee, M., and Arabkhedri, M. 2015. Affectability of runoff
threshold and coefficient from rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture content in
laboratorial erosion plots. Iran. Water Res. J. 8: 15. 41-49. (In Persian)
4.Defersha, M.B., and Melesse, A.M. 2012. Effect of rainfall intensity, slope and antecedent
moisture content on sediment concentration and sediment enrichment ratio. Catena.
90: 4752.
5.Ellison, W.D. 1944. Studies of raindrop erosion. Agricultural Engineering. 25: 131-136.
6.Froese, J.C., Cruse, R.M., and Ghaffarzadeh, M. 1999. Erosion mechanics of soils with an
impermeable subsurface layer. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J. 63: 1836-1841.
7.Hudson, N. 1995. Soil conservation. No. 3. Ed. BT Batsford.
8.Joanes, D.N., and Gill, C.A. 1998. Comparing measures of sample skewness and kurtosis.
J. Royal Stat. Soc. Series D (The Statistician). 47: 1. 183-189.
9.Kiani Harchegani, M., Sadeghi, H.R., and Asadi, H. 2015. Comparative Analysis of the
Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Experimental Plot Slope on Raindrop Impact Induced
Erosion (RIIE). Iran. J. Soil Water Res. 46: 4. 631-640. (In Persian)
10.Kinnell, P.I.A. 2005. Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction: a Review.
Hydrological Process. 19: 2815-2844.
11.Lado, M., Ben-Hur, M., and Shainberg, I. 2004. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate
stability, seal formation and erosion. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 68: 6. 1992-1999.
12.Lal, R. 1994. Soil erosion research methods. CRC Press. Landforms. 3: 295-299.
13.Liu, H., Lei, T.W., Zhao, J., Yuan, C.P., Fan, Y.T., and Qu, L.Q. 2011. Effects of rainfall
intensity and antecedent soil water content on soil infiltrability under rainfall conditions
using the run off-on-out method. J. Hydrol. 396: 1. 24-32.
14.Mamedov, A.I., Huang, C., and Levy, G.J. 2006. Antecedent moisture content and aging
duration effects on seal formation and erosion in smectitic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J.
70: 3. 832-843.
15.Morgan, R. 1978. Field studies of rainsplash erosion. Earth Surface. Process. 3: 295-299.
16.Morgan, R.P.C. 2001. A simple approach to soil loss prediction: a revised Morgan- MorganFinney model. Catena. 44: 4. 305-322.
17.Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N., Smith, R.E., Govers, G., Poesen, J.W.A., Auerswald, K.,
Chischi, G., Torri, D., and Styczen, M.E. 1998. The European Soil Erosion Model
(EUROSEM): a dynamic approach for predicting sediment transport from fields and small
catchments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 23: 527-44.
18.Norusis, M.J. 2011. SPSS for Windows. Base System User’s Guide, Release 7.5. Chicago.
19.Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Jeeney, D.R. 1992. Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Chemical
and Mineralogical Properties. SSSA Pub., Madison, 1159p.
20.Qinjuan, C., Qiangguo, C.A.I., and Wenjun, M.A. 2008. Comparative study on rain splash
erosion of representative soils in china. China Geography Science. 18: 2. 155-161.
21.Quansah, C. 1981. The effect of soil type, slope, rain intensity and their interactions on
splash detachment and transport. J. Soil Sci. 32: 2. 215-224.
22.Rafahi, H.GH. 2013. Water erosion and conservation. Tehran University Press, 674p.
(In Persian)
23.Rousseau, P., Jolivet, V., and Ghazanfarpour, D. 2006. Realistic real-time rain rendering.
Computers and Graphics. 30: 507-518.
24.Salles, C., Poesen, J., and Sempere-Torres, D. 2002. Kinetic energy of rain and its functional
relationship with intensity. J. Hydrol. 257: 256-270.
25.SAS Institute. 2014. SAS, version 9.4 ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
26.Sempere Torres, D., Porrà, J.M., and Creutin, J.D. 1994. A general formulation for raindrop
Size distribution. J. Appl. Meteorol. 33: 1494-1502.
27.Shirazi, M.A., and Boersma, L. 1984. A unifying quantitative analysis of soil texture. Soil
Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 48: 1. 142-147.
28.Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey
Investigations Report No. 51, Version 2.0. R. Burt and Soil Survey Staff (Ed.). U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
29.Systat Software. 2012. SigmaPlot 12.0 user's manual. Systat Software, Point Richmond, CA.
30.Truman, C.C., and Bradford, J.M. 1990. Effect of antecedent soil moisture on splash
detachment under simulated rainfall. Soil Science. 150: 5. 787-798.
31.Vaezi, A., Akbari, S., and Mohamadi, M. 2015. Study of rainfall processes in calcareous
soils aggregates under laboratory conditions in NW Zanjan, Iran. Iran. J. Soil Water Res.
45: 1. 87-94. (In Persian)
32.Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., Bruijnzeel, L.A., and Wiegman, S.E. 2003. Measurements of rain
splash on bench terraces in a humid tropical steepland environment. Hydrological Processes.
17: 513-535.
33.Wakiyama, Y., Onda, Y., Nanko, K., Mizugaki, S., Kim, Y., Kitahara, H., and Ono, H. 2010.
Estimationof temporal variation in splash detachment in two Japanese cypress plantations of
contrasting age. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms. 35: 9. 993-1005.
34.Walkly, A., and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of digestion methods for determining soil
organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic and titration. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.
J. 37: 38-29.
35.Watung, R.L., Sutherland, R.A., and Swaify, S.A. 1996. Influence of rainfall energy flux
density and antecedent soil moisture content on splash transport and aggregate enrichment
ratios for a Hawaiian Oxisol. Soil Technology. 9: 251-272.
36.Wei, H., Nearing, M.A., Stone, J.J., Guertin, D.P., Spaeth, K.E., Pierson, F.B., Nichols,
M.H., and Moffett, C.A. 2008. A new splash and sheet erosion equation for rangelands.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 73: 1386-1392.
37.Wuddivira, M.N., Stone, R.J., and Ekwue, E.I. 2009. Clay, organic matter and wetting
effects on splash detachment and aggregate breakdown under intense rainfall. Soil Sci. Soc.
Amer. J. 73: 1. 226-232.
38.Yusefi, A., Farrokhian Firouzi, A., and Khalili Moghaddm, B. 2015. Experimental
investigation of the aggregate breakdown and splash erosion in different conditions duration
and rainfall intensity in selected soil of Dashtegol watershed of Masjed Soleyman. J. Water
Soil Cons. 22: 2. 175-188. (In Persian)
)