نفوذپذیری آب به داخل خاک در بخش‌های مختلف یک دامنه در فصول مختلف سال

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 کارشناس محیط زیست، اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: نفوذپذیری یکی از مهمترین مؤلفه‌های چرخه آب است که نقش زیادی در تعیین رفتار هیدرولوژیکی خاک، میزان تولید رواناب، میزان رطوبت خاک برای رشد گیاهان طبیعی و محصولات کشاورزی دارد. تغییرات این مؤلفه تحت تأثیر فاکتورهای زیادی از قبیل خصوصیات بارش، خاک، نوع پوشش گیاهی، کاربری اراضی، شیب اراضی و فصل سال می‌باشد که لازم است در هر منطقه مشخص گردد. با توجه به اینکه رفتار نقاط مختلف یک دامنه در مقابل نفوذ آب متفاوت است، هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تغییرات نفوذپذیری آب به داخل خاک در بخش‌های مختلف یک دامنه شیب‌دار در فصول مختلف سال است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، یک دامنه شیب‌دار به طول تقریبی 60 متر در داخل محوطه دانشگاه کردستان انتخاب شد. سه نقطه از این دامنه شامل نقطه بالادست با شیب صفر درصد، نقطه میانی با شیب 22 درصد و نقطه پایین‌دست با شیب 28 درصد برای استقرار استوانه‌های مضاعف در نظر گرفته شد. نوع بافت خاک دامنه رسی و رسی لومی و نوع پوشش گیاهی آن مراتع تنک بود. اندازه‌گیری نفوذپذیری در این سه نقطه در سه فصل پاییز، زمستان و بهار با فواصل زمانی یک ماهه با استوانه مضاعف، سه بار تکرار گردید. در حین آزمایش نفوذپذیری، رطوبت اولیه خاک و رطوبت اشباع خاک با روش گراویمتریک تعیین گردید. داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده در قالب یک طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که شیب‌های مختلف تأثیری بر شدت نفوذپذیری اولیه، شدت نفوذپذیری متوسط و شدت نفوذپذیری نهایی نداشته است بدین معنی که ورود آب به داخل خاک در تمامی نقاط دامنه به صورت یکسان اتفاق می‌افتد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که شدت نفوذپذیری اولیه و شدت نفوذپذیری متوسط در فصل پاییز به صورت معنی‌داری بیشتر از فصول زمستان و بهار است در حالی که شدت نفوذپذیری نهایی در تمام فصول یکسان می‌باشد. بررسی‌های بیشتر نشان داد که هیچگونه الگوی رفتاری خاصی از وابستگی شدت نفوذپذیری اولیه، شدت نفوذپذیری متوسط و شدت نفوذپذیری نهایی در سه نقطه دامنه و در سه فصل سال به رطوبت اولیه و اشباع خاک وجود ندارد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند این موضوع را القاء نماید که نفوذپذیری در هر نقطه کاملاً وابسته به خصوصیات آن نقطه است و نمی‌توان مدل رفتاری خاصی از این مؤلفه را به سایر نقاط تعمیم داد. بنابراین لازم است که نفوذپذیری در هر نقطه اندازه‌گیری شود و حتی در هنگام مدل‌سازی باید کاملاً متوجه ویژگی‌های طبیعی آن نقطه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Infiltration into Soil on Different Parts of a Slope during Different Seasons

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kamran Chapi 1
  • Morad Hamidi 2
  • Ataollah Shirzadi 3
1 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Environmental Expert, Environmental Protection Department of Kurdistan Province, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Water infiltration into soil profile is one of the most important components of the water cycle, playing an essential role in determining the hydrological behavior of soil, the amount of runoff generation in a watershed, and the amount of soil moisture for the growth of vegetation and crops. Its variability is influenced by many factors such as precipitation characteristics, soil, vegetation type, land use, land slope and season of the year, which must be determined in each region because these characteristics are highly site-specific. Due to the lack of information on the variability of water infiltration into a soil on different parts of a slope, the aim of this research is to investigate the variability of infiltration in different parts of a slope in different seasons of the year.
Materials and Methods: In this research, a slope with a length of approximately 60 meters was selected inside the University of Kurdistan campus. Three points on this slope, including the upslope point with 0% slope, the middle slope point with 22% slope, and the downslope point with 28% slope, were considered for the establishment of double rings. The soil texture was clay and clay loam and the type of vegetation was sparse raneglands. Infiltration measurement at these three points was repeated three times in the three seasons of Fall, Winter and Spring with time intervals of one month. During the experiment, the initial soil moisture and the saturated moisture contents of the soil were measured by the gravimetric method. The collected data were analyzed in a randomized complete block design.
Results: The results showed that different slopes had no effect on the intensity of initial infiltration, the average intensity of infiltration and the intensity of final infiltration. The results also demonstrated that the initial ifiltration rate and the average infiltration rate in Fall were significantly different from those of Winter and Spring, while the final infiltration rate was the same in all seasons and its value was not affected by seasonal changes. Further investigations indicated that there is no significant relationship between initial infiltration intensity, average infiltration intensity and final infiltration intensity at three points of the slope and in three seasons of the year with initial soil moisture and soil saturation, which implies that the difference of infiltration intensities in different seasons cannot be justified with changes in initial moisture and soil saturation.
Discussion and Conclusion: It can be suggested that infiltration at any point is completely dependent on the characteristics of that point and it is not possible to generalize a specific behavior pattern of this component to other points. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the infiltration at each point and even during modeling, the natural characteristics of that point must be fully understood.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Infiltration
  • Slope
  • Season
  • Initial soil moisture
  • Saturated soil moisture

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 31، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 31-58

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