بررسی تاثیر مایه‌زنی استرپتومایسس چارترئوسیس مولد اگزوپلی‌ساکارید بر شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژی و عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی در سطوح تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استادیار بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

5 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، مؤسسه ماکس پلانک، ماگدبورگ، آلمان

چکیده

خشکی به عنوان یک تنش کنترل نشده تقریباً تمام مراحل رشد و نمو گیاه را به صورت مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. استرپتومایس‌ از جمله معروف ترین جنس اکتینوباکتر‌ها بوده که از ظرفیت بالایی برای رشد و تکثیر در خاک های شور و خشک برخوردار می‌باشد. بر این اساس هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان تولید اگزوپلی‌ساکارید در شرایط عادی و سطوح تنش خشکی شبیه‌سازی شده با پلی‌اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در جدایه‌های منسوب به اکتینوباکتر و انتخاب جدایه برتر و بررسی تاثیر مایه‌زنی آن بر شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژی، عملکرد و غلظت عناصر فسفر و پتاسیم در گیاه گوجه فرنگی رقم Y (Lycopersicon esculentum) در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌باشد.
در این پژوهش بررسی سنجش رشد و تولید اگزوپلی ساکارید تعداد 5 جدایه اکتینوباکتری در سطوح تنش خشکی 73/0- و 29/0-، 0 مگاپاسکال در سه زمان انکوباسیون 25 و 14، 7 روز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته که جدایه برتر از میان آن‌ها برای آزمایش گلدانی انتخاب و خصوصیات محرک رشدی شامل حلالیت فسفر و تولید ایندول استیک اسید آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل استرپتومایسس (مایه‌زنی Bs-47، عدم مایه‌زنی B0)، سطوح تنش خشکی (شامل: 90-80 درصد آب قابل استفاده (بدون تنش D0)، 60-45 درصد آب قابل استفاده (تنش نسبتا شدید D1)، 30-20 درصد آب قابل استفاده (تنش شدید D2) تعیین گردید. پس از پایان دوره رشد گیاه، شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیک، جذب عناصر غذایی و عملکرد گوجه فرنگی ارزیابی شد.
بر اساس نتایج جدایه 47 بیش‌ترین میزان تولید اگزوپلی‌ساکارید را در سطوح تنش خشکی 73/0-، 29/0-، 0 مگاپاسکال به ترتیب به میزان 26/4، 18/6، 5/8 گرم در لیتر پس از گذشت زمان انکوباسیون 25 روز به ثبت رساند. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که درصد کربوهیدرات کل با افزایش زمان انکوباسیون رشد و همچنین سطوح تنش خشکی در جدایه باکتری 47 روند افزایشی داشت. کربوهیدرات کل در دو جدایه 16و 91 با افزایش زمان در سطح تنش شدید 73/0- مگاپاسکال روند کاهشی به ثبت رساند. نتایج توالی‌یابی جدایه منتخب 47 که از توانایی مطلوب تولید اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و خصوصیات محرک رشد برخوردار بود نشان داد که بیش-ترین همولوژی را با گونه استرپتومایسس چارترئوسیس داشته و با شماره دسترسی KJ152149 در پایگاه NCBI ثبت گردید. بررسی طیف مادون قرمز اگزوپلی‌ساکارید تولیدی جدایه باکتری برتر، الگوی متنوعی از پیک های جذب را از 3450 تا 820 سانتی متر نشان داد که تایید کننده ماهیت پلی ساکاریدها و برهمکنش‌های قوی بین مولکولی و درون مولکولی در زنجیره های اگزوپلی‌ساکارید می‌باشد. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیک و غلظت فسفر و پتاسیم و همچنین افزایش میزان پرولین برگ و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی در گیاه گردید. نتایج پایش گلخانه‌ای نشان داد که در سطح تنش نسبتا شدید (60-45 درصد آب قابل استفاده) مایه‌زنی استرپتومایسس سبب افزایش زیست توده اندام هوایی (4/35 درصد) و ریشه (7/30 درصد)، قطر ساقه (6/30 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (3/12 درصد) و ظرفیت نسبی آب برگ (68/6 درصد) غلظت فسفر (04/19 درصد)، غلظت پتاسیم (23/28 درصد) و عملکرد (3/155 درصد) در مقایسه با شاهد (عدم مایه‌زنی) شد. مایه‌زنی استرپتومایسس در سطوح تنش نسبتا شدید و شدید روندی کاهشی به ترتیب به میزان 4/19، 6/16 درصد در آنزیم کاتالاز و همچنین روند کاهشی 5/12، 6/11 درصدی در فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در مقایسه با شاهد (شرایط بدون تنش) نشان داد.
بررسی نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مایه‌زنی استرپتومایسس با دارا بودن ویژگی‌ مطلوب تولید اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و سایر ویژگی‌های محرک رشد با ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای گیاه و بهبود حفظ آب و جذب بهتر مواد غذایی در محیط ریشه سبب کاهش تنش خشکی و حفظ ثبات فیزیولوژیک گیاه در برابر سطوح تنشی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the impact of exopolysaccharide-producing Streptomyces chartreusis inoculation on growth, physiology, and yield of tomato under different drought stress levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Khodadadi 1
  • Reza Ghorbani 2
  • Ali Pakdin-parizi 3
  • seyd alireza mavahedi-naeini 4
  • mohamadreza taheri 5
1 Ph.D Student of Soil Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof. of Genetic and Agicultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
5 Post Doctoral Scholar, Max Planck Institute, Magdeburg, Germany.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought, as an uncontrollable stress factor, impacts nearly all stages of plant growth, either directly or indirectly. The genus Streptomyces is one of the most well-known groups of actinobacteria, with a remarkable ability to thrive in both saline and arid soils, often found in association with plants native to dry and wet environments. Given this, the present study aims to evaluate exopolysaccharide production by actinombacteria isolates under both normal and drought conditions (induced by polyethylene glycol 6000), select the most effective isolate, and assess its impact on growth, physiology, yield indicators, and phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the tomato variety Y (Lycopersicon esculentum) under drought stress.
Materials and methods: In this study, the growth and exopolysaccharide production of five Actinobacteria isolates were evaluated under moisture levels of 0, -0.29, and -0.73 megapascals, at three incubation times (7, 14, and 25 days) under laboratory conditions. The superior isolate was selected for the pot experiment, and its growth-promoting properties, including phosphate solubility and indole acetic acid production, were assessed. The pot experiment was conducted as factorial design arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included Streptomyces (inoculation Bs-47, no inoculation B0) and moisture levels: 80-90% available water (no stress, D0), 45-60% available water (moderate stress, D1), and 20-30% available water (severe stress, D2). After the plant growth period, growth parameters, physiological indicators, nutrient uptake, and tomato yield were evaluated.


Results: According to the results, isolate 47 recorded the highest production of exopolysaccharides under drought stress levels of -0.73, -0.29, and 0 megapascals, with respective amounts of 4.26, 6.18, and 8.5 grams per liter after 25 days of incubation. The analysis showed that the percentage of total carbohydrates increased with the incubation period and drought stress levels in Streptomyces isolate 47. However, in isolates 16 and 91, total carbohydrates decreased under severe stress at -0.73 megapascals with increasing incubation time. Sequencing results of the selected isolate 47, which exhibited desirable exopolysaccharide production and growth-promoting characteristics, indicated the highest homology with Streptomyces chartreusis, and it was registered in the NCBI database under accession number KJ152149. Infrared spectrum analysis of the exopolysaccharide produced by the superior Streptomyces isolate showed a diverse pattern of absorption peaks ranging from 3450 to 820 cm⁻¹, confirming the polysaccharide nature and strong intermolecular and intramolecular interactions within the exopolysaccharide chains. Drought stress led to a reduction in growth characteristics, physiological traits, and phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while increasing leaf proline levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in the plant. Greenhouse monitoring results showed that under relatively severe stress (45-60% of available water), inoculation with Streptomyces increased aerial biomass (by 35.4%), root biomass (by 30.7%), stem diameter (by 30.6%), chlorophyll index (by 12.3%), relative water content of leaves (by 6.68%), phosphorus concentration (by 19.04%), potassium concentration (by 28.23%), and yield (by 155.3%) compared to the control (without inoculation). Inoculation with Streptomyces under relatively severe and severe stress showed a reduction in catalase enzyme activity by 19.4% and 16.6%, and in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity by 12.5% and 11.6%, compared to the control (non-stress conditions).
Conclusion:The results indicate that inoculation with Streptomyces, possessing desirable traits such as exopolysaccharide production and other growth-promoting characteristics, creates favorable conditions for the plant. By enhancing water retention and improving nutrient uptake in the root environment, it

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Actionbacterium
  • abiotic stress
  • antioxidant enzyme

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 31، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 1-29

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