تغییرپذیری سطح خاک شور ناشی از تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌های خاک‌زی با استفاده از پردازش تصویر

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

3 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشکده فنی مهندسی گلپایگان، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، گلپایگان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تخریب سرزمین و فرسایش خاک به دلیل اثرات نامطلوب آن‌ها بر بهره‌وری کشاورزی، محیط‌زیست و تأثیر آن بر امنیت غذایی و کیفیت زندگی، یک مشکل مهم جهانی است. در سال‌های اخیر بررسی تأثیر ریزموجودات‌ خاک‌زی بر تخریب خاک در مناطق خشک و خاک شور بر مؤلفه‌های مختلف پایداری و تثبیت خاک نظر بسیاری از پژوهش‌گران را جلب کرده است. در پژوهش حاضر سعی شده است راه‌کارها و روش‌های نوین و زیستی با رعایت استانداردها در مهار تخریب سرزمین بر مبنای تلقیح سطحی سیانوباکتری‌های خاک‌زی در سطح خاک شور و قلیایی ارائه شود. این پژوهش بر مبنای شرایط طبیعی خاک در عرصه میدانی موردمطالعه و ارزیابی پتانسیل اثر تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌های‌ خاک‌زی بومی منطقه بر پایداری و تثبیت سطح خاک شور و سدیمی با استفاده از پردازش تصویر صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در همین راستا، خاک موردمطالعه زیستی از اراضی شور و حساس به فرسایش از منطقه‌ اینچه‌برون در استان گلستان تهیه شد. سپس مناسب‌ترین سیانوباکتری‌های موجود در خاک مادری در حفاظت آب‌وخاک شناسایی، انتخاب، خالص‌سازی و تکثیر شدند و در دو شوری متفاوت خاک با دو تکرار روی کرت‌ها آماده‌شده با ابعاد یک در یک، در منطقه موردمطالعه تلقیح شدند. به‌منظور حداکثر اثرگذاری سیانوباکتری‌ها در محیط خاک پس از گذشت 50 روز از تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌ها بر سطح خاک به‌منظور پردازش تصویر با نرم‌افزار MATLAB با الگوریتم‌های مختلف اقدام به عکس‌برداری از سطح کرت‌ها شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مشاهده چشمی نشان داد ریخت‌سنجی سطح خاک در خاک با شوری کم و زیاد، سطح خاک تیمار تلقیح شده با سیانوباکتری نسبت به سطح تیمار شاهد حالت پف‌کرده و به‌هم‌ریختگی ذرات خاک کم‌تر بود. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از نرم‌افزار مقدار انحراف استاندارد پیکسل‌ها و آنتروپی تصاویر حاصل از پردازش تصویر در تیمارها با سطح شوری کم‌تر نسبت به تیمارها با سطح شوری بیش‌تر، میانگین مقدار انحراف استاندارد پیکسل‌های تصاویر در تیمار تلقیح شده با سیانوباکتری به ترتیب 36/37 و 55/14درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌صورت معنی‌دار (01/0p<) کاهش داشته است. هم‌چنین میانگین آنتروپی تصاویر نیز در تیمار تلقیح شده با سیانوباکتری به ترتیب 18/9 و 04/3 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌صورت غیر معنی‌دار (01/0p>) کاهشی به دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان بیان کرد، تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌ها بر سطح خاک شور برای افزایش تثبیت و کاهش تخریب خاکدانه‌های سطح خاک می‌تواند موردتوجه قرار گیرد. ازاین‌رو نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکردی زیستی مهندسی برای تثبیت خاک در حوزه‌های آبخیز شور تلقی شود که درنهایت امنیت آب، غذا و محیط‌زیست را زمینه‎سازی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changeability of saline soil surface due to soil cyanobacteria inoculation using image processing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sudabeh Gharemahmudli 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Vahideh Sadat Sadeghi 3
1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
3 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Land degradation and soil erosion are critical global problems due to their adverse effects on agricultural productivity, the environment, and their impact on food security and quality of life. In recent years, the study of the effect of soil microorganisms on soil degradation in dry areas and saline soil on various components of soil stability and stabilization has attracted the attention of many researchers. In the present research, it has tried to present new biological solutions and methods in compliance with the standards for curbing land degradation based on surface inoculation of soil-borne cyanobacteria on the surface of saline and alkaline soil. This research was done based on the natural conditions of the soil in the field under study and the evaluation of the potential effect of the inoculation of local soil cyanobacteria on the stability and stabilization of the saline and sodium soil surface using image processing.
Materials and Methods: In this regard, the biologically studied soil was prepared from saline and erosion-sensitive lands from the Incheh Borun region in Golestan Province, Iran. Then, the most suitable cyanobacteria in the mother soil were identified, selected, purified, and propagated in two different soil salinities with two repetitions on prepared plots with dimensions of one in one in the study area. In order to maximize the effect of cyanobacteria in the soil environment, after 60 days of inoculation of cyanobacteria on the soil surface, in order to process the image with MATLAB software with different algorithms, the surface of the plots was photographed.
Results: The results obtained from visual observation showed that the morphometry of soil surface in soil with low and high salinity, the surface of the soil treated with cyanobacteria was less swollen, and soil particles were mixed than the surface of the control treatment. According to the results obtained from the software, the value of the standard deviation of the pixels and the entropy of the images obtained from the image processing showed in the treatments with a lower salinity level compared to the treatments with a higher salinity level. The mean value of the standard deviation of the pixels of the images in the treatment inoculated with cyanobacteria has decreased by 37.36% and 14.55%, respectively, compared to the control treatment significantly (p<0.01). In addition, the mean entropy of the images in the treatment inoculated with cyanobacteria decreased by 9.18% and 3.04%, respectively, compared to the control treatment in a non-significant manner (p>0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that the inoculation of cyanobacteria on the surface of saline soil can be considered to increase stabilization and reduce the degradation of soil grains on the soil surface. The results of the present study can be therefore considered as a bioengineering approach for soil stabilization in saline watersheds, which ultimately provides the basis for water, food, and environmental security.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil biocrust
  • Soil erosion
  • Soil stability
  • Soil surface roughness
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