اثر روش‌های آبیاری فتیله‌ای و قطره‌ای بر عملکرد و برخی صفات رشدی خیار گلخانه‌ای در بافت‌های مختلف خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: خیار یکی از سبزی‌های جالیزی نیمه‌گرمسیری با اهمیت اقتصادی است که به‌طور گسترده در سراسر جهان کشت می‌شود. به‌منظور رشد بهینه این گیاه در محیط گلخانه تأمین نیاز رطوبتی خیار بسیار حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. از بین روش‌های مختلف آبیاری، دو روش آبیاری فتیله‌ای موئینگی و قطره‌ای به‌دلیل راندمان بالای آبیاری مورد توجه هستند. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثر بخشی روش‌ آبیاری فتیله‌ای در مقایسه با روش آبیاری قطره‌ای بر عملکرد و برخی صفات رشدی گیاه خیار گلخانه‌ای در سه بافت مختلف خاک در شرایط کشت گلدانی در محیط گلخانه انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، آزمایشی با دو دوره کشت به‌صورت فاکتوریل، بر پایه طرح کامل تصادفی در سه خاک لوم‌رسیCL با نماد (S1)، لوم‌رسی‌شنیSCL، (S2) و لوم‌شنیSL، (S3) تحت کشت خیار گلخانه‌ای رقم ناگین با دو روش آبیاری فتیله‌ای و قطره‌ای با برنامه تغذیه‌ای یکسان در سه تکرار انجام شد. گلخانه مورد استفاده از نوع تونلی با روکش پلاستیکی دارای یک دهانه به ارتفاع 3 متر، عرض دهانه 4/4 متر بود. کشت گیاه خیار در دو زمان نیمه اول اسفند و نیمه دوم مرداد سال بعد به‌روش گلدانی با بستر کشت خاکی، به‌صورت نشاکاری انجام شد. تحلیل آماری خصوصیات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک ساقه، تعداد برگ‌ها، وزن میوه، تعداد میوه، طول ریشه اصلی، تعداد انشعاب ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن تر گیاه بود که پس از نمونه‌برداری در محیط نرم‌افزار SAS و ترسیم شکل‌ها در محیط Excel انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آماری نشان داد تأثیر روش آبیاری، بافت خاک و اثرات متقابل آن‌ها بر صفات رویشی گیاه خیار معنی‌دار بود. اثر روش آبیاری بر صفات زایشی و اثر بافت خاک بر اندام ریشه‌ای در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. صفات رویشی ارتفاع ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه، مجموع برگ‌ها و صفات زایشی تعداد میوه، وزن کل میوه و صفات طول ریشه اصلی، تعداد انشعاب ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن کل گیاه در بافت خاک CL تحت تأثیر روش آبیاری قطره‌ای قرار گرفت. در آبیاری فتیله‌ای نیز عملکرد صفات زایشی و اندام ریشه در بافت خاک SL بهتر از سایر بافت‌ها بود. اثر آبیاری فتیله‌ای در صفت میوه تولیدی همانند زیست‌توده گیاهی در سه بافت خاک CL، SCL و SL از بافت خاک سنگین به سبک با مقادیر 98/760، 58/782 و 56/995 گرم، افزایشی و در آبیاری قطره‌ای با مقادیر 81/1315، 71/1131 و 22/736 گرم کاهشی بود. اثر آبیاری فتیله‌ای بر صفات اندام ریشه در هر سه بافت خاک تقریباً یکسان و تأثیر آبیاری قطره‌ای بر صفات ریشه در بافت‌های CL ، SCL و SL به‌‌ترتیب کاهشی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که روش فتیله‌ای در بخش زایشی نسبت به‌روش قطره‌ای ارجحیت نداشت، اما این روند در بخش رویشی برعکس بود. در روش آبیاری فتیله‌ای اگرچه نسبت به قطره‌ای در تولید خیار برتر نبود اما موفق بودن در کاربرد با توجه به مدیریت ساده سامانه با حذف تجهیزات پمپاژ و پیشرفته آبیاری، خودآبیار بودن و برتری آن در تولید صفات رویشی می‌تواند در گیاهان با ارزش اقتصادی در بخش رویشی موفق عمل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of wick and drip irrigation methods on yield and some growth traits of greenhouse cucumber in different soil textures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalal Jalili 1
  • Hamid Zare Abyaneh 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Dept. of Water Engineering, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, University of Bu Ali Sina
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: The cucumber is one of the semi-tropic vegetables of economic importance that is widely cultivated worldwide. To optimally grow this plant in the greenhouse environment, the requirements for cucumber moisture should be fulfilled. Due to the high efficiency of the irrigation method, two methods of capillary wick irrigation and drip irrigation, among the different irrigation methods, are of interest for this purpose. Thus, the current research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the wick irrigation method compared to the drip irrigation method on the yield and some growth characteristics of greenhouse cucumber plants in three different soil textures under the conditions of pot cultivation in the greenhouse environment.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted for two cultivation periods as a factorial, based on a complete randomized design with three replications in different soil textures including clay-loam (CL) marked with (S1), sandy-clay-loam (SCL) marked with (S2), and sandy-loam (SL) marked with (S3) on greenhouse cucumber Nagene cultivar with two methods of capillary wicking and drip irrigation as well as same nutrition program. The greenhouse used in this project was in the form of a tunnel with a plastic coating, with a height of 3 meters, and an opening width of 4.4 meters. The cultivation of the cucumber plant was carried out in the first half of March and the second half of August of the following year using a pot method with a soil culture bed. Several investigated characteristics, including plant height, stem dry weight, number of leaves, fruit weight, fruit number, main root length, number of root branches, root dry weight, and plant fresh weight were subjected to statistical analysis after sampling as well as measuring in SAS and Excel environment.

Results: The results revealed that the effect of irrigation method, soil texture, and their interactions on vegetative traits of cucumber, the effect of irrigation method on vegetative and reproductive traits, and the impact of soil texture on root organs were different at 0.01 level of significance. In the vegetative part, the stem height, stem dry weight, total leaves, total plant weight; and in the reproductive part, the number of fruits and total fruit weight; and in the root section, the root length, number of root branches, and dry root weight in soil texture CL were affected by drip irrigation method. In wick irrigation, the reproductive traits and root organs in SL soil texture outperformed others. The effect of wick irrigation on fruit production and plant biomass was observed to increase in three soil textures of CL, SCL, and SL with values of 760.98, 782.58, and 995.56 grams, respectively; in drip irrigation, it was observed to increase with values of 1315.81, 1131.71, and 736.22 grams respectively. In all three soil textures, the effect of wick irrigation on root organ traits was almost the same, while the influence of drip irrigation on root traits in CL, SCL, and SL textures diminished, respectively.

Conclusion: The results indicated that in the reproductive part and root organ, the wick method was not preferable to the drip method, while the opposite trend was observed in the vegetative part. Although the wick irrigation method was not superior to drip irrigation in the production of cucumber, being successful in its application due to the simple management of the system by eliminating pumping and advanced irrigation equipment, its self-irrigation and its superiority in the production of vegetative traits can be successful in plants with economic value in the vegetative sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ‎Growth assessment
  • Soil texture
  • Greenhouse ambiance
  • Sub-surface irrigation
  • Capillary

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 67-86

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