برآورد ارزش اقتصادی نقش پوشش گیاهی در کنترل فرسایش خاک (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز کچیک)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مرتعداری دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه مدیریت مرتع دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه آبخیزداری و مدیریت مناطق بیابانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: حفظ و نگه‌داری خاک و جلوگیری از رخداد و تشدید فرسایش از مهم‌ترین کارکردهای اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی به حساب
می‌آید این موضوع به ویژه در مناطق پرشیب و کوهستانی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است کارکرد حفاظت خاک نیز همانند بسیاری از دیگر خدمات اکوسیستم‌ها، فاقد بازاری برای تعیین ارزش آن‌ها است. اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی یکی از منابع مهم اقتصادی برای بسیاری از کشورهای درحال توسعه می‌باشند که با تولید کالاها و خدمات به توسعة مناطق و جوامع کمک می‌کنند. نبود بازاری سازمان یافته برای تعیین ارزش خدمات تولید شده این اکوسیستم‌ها و در نتیجه رایگان پنداشتن آنها، منجر به از دست رفتن بخش عظیمی از این منافع شده است. این مطالعه در سال 1398 با هدف بررسی نقش اکوسیستم طبیعی منطقه کچیک در کنترل فرسایش خاک و تعیین ارزش اقتصادی حفاظت خاک براساس کارکرد حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور برآورد کمی میزان فرسایش خاک، از مدل RUSLE که ورودی‌های آن شامل عامل فرسایندگی باران، عامل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک، عامل طول و درجه شیب، عامل پوشش گیاهی و عامل کار‌های حفاظتی می‌باشد در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی انجام شد. برای محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی کارکرد حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک، میزان نگه‌داشت خاک و محتوای عناصر غذایی خاک شامل ازت، فسفر و پتاسیم منطقه، برآورد شد و ارزش اقتصادی آن با رویکرد هزینهجایگزین محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از فرسایش خاک با روش RUSLE نشان داد دامنه فرسایش خاک در منطقه بین 0 تا 2/239 تن در هکتار در سال متغیر بوده و میانگین آن برابر 94/7 تن در سال در هکتار برآورد شد. ارزش عناصر اصلی حفظ شده در خاک کل حوضه برابر 21/9 میلیارد ریال در سال بوده و ارزش هر هکتار اکوسیستم منطقه برابر 55/2 میلیون ریال در سال برآورد شد. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های بدست آمده از فرسایش در نرم‌افزاز IDRISI Selva نشان داد، عامل طول و درجه شیب با ضریب همبستگی 93 درصد و ضریب تبیین (R2) 87/0 بیش‌ترین تاثیر را در برآورد فرسایش سالانه خاک داشته است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه این پژوهش بیان می‌کند ارزش بدست آمده در هر هکتار جنگل 39/3، مرتع 84/2 و دیم‌زار 16/2 میلیون ریال در سال می‌باشد که نشان دهنده ارزش بیشتر اکوسیستم مراتع نسبت به اراضی دیم‌زار می‌باشد. با توجه به اثرات مثبت پوشش گیاهی، لزوم توجه ویژه به پوشش گیاهی مرتعی و جنگلی به منظور کاهش فرسایش خاک احساس می‌شود و پیشنهاد می‌شود برنامه‌های بیولوژیکی و حفاظت خاک به منظور کاهش خسارات فرسایش خاک در قسمت‌های با حساسیت فرسایش بالا در منطقه صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimating the economic value of the role of vegetation in controlling soil erosion (Case Study: Kechik Watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raziye Farsi 1
  • Hassan Yeganeh 2
  • Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh 3
  • Mojgansadat Azimi 2
1 master science student of Range Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan University
2 Member of Faculty of Rangeland Management, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan University
3 Member of Faculty of Watershed Management and Desert Management of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of gorgan
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Preservation of soil and prevention of occurrence and intensification of erosion are the most important functions of natural ecosystems. This issue is especially important in steep and mountainous areas. Soil conservation function, like many other ecosystem services, lacks a market to determine value. Natural ecosystems are one of the important economic resource for many developing countries that contribute to the development of regions and communities by producing goods and services. This study was conducted in 2019 with the aim of investigating the role of natural ecosystem in Kechik area in controlling soil erosion and determining the economic value of soil protection based on soil fertility maintenance function.
Materials and methods: In order to estimate soil erosion quantitatively , the RUSLE model, which inputs include rain erosion factor, soil erodibility factor, length and degree of slope factor, vegetation factor and protective operations factor, was used in GIS environment. To calculate the economic value of soil fertility maintenance function, soil retention and soil nutrient content including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the area were estimated and its economic value was calculated using the alternative cost approach.
Results: The results of soil erosion by RUSLE method showed that the range of soil erosion in the region varied between 0 to 239.2 tons per hectare per year and its average was estimated at 7.94 tons per hectare per year. The value of the main elements preserved in the soil of the whole basin was equal to 9.21 billion Rials per year and the value of each hectare of the region's ecosystem was estimated at 2.55 million Rials per year. Also, the analysis of erosion data in IDRISI Selva software showed that the factor of length and degree of slope with a correlation coefficient of 93% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.87 had the greatest effect on estimating annual soil erosion.
Conclusion: The result of this study states that the value obtained per hectare of forest is 3.39, rangeland 2.84 and dry land 2.16 million rials per year, which shows the more value of rangeland ecosystem than dry lands. Due to the positive effects of vegetation, the need for special attention to rangeland and forest vegetation to reduce soil erosion is felt and it is recommended that biological and soil protection programs to reduce soil erosion damage in areas with high erosion sensitivity in the region.

Keywords: Economic value, Soil protection, Kechik watershed, RUSLE

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic value
  • Soil protection
  • Kechik watershed
  • RUSLE
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