جذب مس و روی از محلول‌های آبی بوسیله دیاتومیت: سینتیک و ترمودینامیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: فلزات سنگین از طریق تخیله پساب‌های صنعتی و فاضلاب‌های شهری وارد محیط می‌شوند. فلزات مس و روی در مقادیر کم از عناصر ضروری زندگی بشمار می-روند ولی در غلظت‌های زیاد باعث مشکلات زیست محیطی می-شوند. روش‌های مختلفی حذف فلزات از منابع آب‌های آلوده وجود دارد که یکی از آن‌ها جذب با استفاده از جاذب‌های معدنی ارزان قیمت می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: دیاتومیت به عنوان جاذب مس و روی از معدن بیرجند تهیه شد. در این مطالعه سینتیک و ترمودینامیک جذب مس و روی از محلول‌های آبی به وسیله دیاتومیت در سیستم ناپیوسته (Batch) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بطوریکه برای مطالعات سینتیک مقدار 1/0 گرم از دیاتومیت در لوله ریخته و 25 میلی‌لیتر از محلول‌های مس و روی با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر در محلول زمینه 03/0 مولار نیترات سدیم افزوده شده و در زمان‌های مختلف (0، 10، 20، 40، 60 ثانیه، 2، 5، 10، 20، 40، 60 دقیقه و 2، 4، 6 ساعت) همزده شد و ترمودینامیک جذب فلزات در دماهای (10، 20، 30 و 40 درجه سلسیوس) قرار گرفت. رفتار جذب فلزات سنگین (مس و روی) در زمان‌های مختلف توسط مدل‌های سینتیکی شبه درجه اول، شبه درجه دوم، ایلوویچ و تابع توانی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین مدل‌های هم‌دمای جذب لانگمویر، فروندلیچ، تمکین و دوبینین-رادوشکویچ برای برازش داده‌های جذب در دماهای (10، 20، 30 و 40 درجه سلسیوس) بکاربرده شدند.
یافته ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، با افزایش زمان تماس میزان جذب هر دو فلز توسط دیاتومیت افزایش پیدا کرد و زمان لازم برای ایجاد تعادل میان فلز جذب شده روی سطح جامد و کسر باقی‌مانده در محلول برای فلزات مورد مطالعه مس و روی به ترتیب حدود 40 و 120 دقیقه بدست آمد. همچنین میزان جذب مس بوسیله دیاتومیت بیشتر از روی بدست آمد، بطوریکه در دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس حداکثرجذب مس و روی (qmax) بوسیله دیاتومیت به ترتیب 56 و 27 میلی گرم بر گرم شد. نتایج جذب فلزات در زمان‌های مختلف با مدل شبه درجه دوم برازش بهتری نشان داد (99/0=R2). با افزایش دما میزان جذب مس و روی به وسیله دیاتومیت افزایش یافت، مدل لانگمویر برازش بهتری با داده‌های جذب در دماهای مختلف دارد (96/0‌–99/0=R2). پارامترهای ترمودینامیکی شامل تغییرات انرژی آزاد گیبس (G∆)، آنتالپی (H∆) و آنتروپی (S∆) نشان داد که فرایند جذب مس و روی بوسیله دیاتومیت در دمای 10 تا 40 درجه سلسیوس خودبخودی و گرماگیر است. انرژی جذب مدل دوبینین-رادوشکویچ(E) نشان داد جذب مس و روی به وسیله دیاتومیت احتمالا از مکانیسم فیزیکی کنترل می‌شود ( kJ mol−18 >E).
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به حضور فلزات سنگین در آب‌های آلوده و اهمیت حذف آن‌ها، استفاده از دیاتومیت به عنوان یکی از جاذب‌های ارزان قیمت، ارزان و قابل دسترس می‌تواند در حذف فلزات سنگین به ویژه مس و روی از منابع آب‌های صنعتی آلوده موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sorption of Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions on diatomite: The kinetic and thermodynamic

نویسندگان [English]

  • marziyeh Piri 1
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 2
  • Abbas Samadi 3
  • Khalil Farhadi 1
  • Mohammad Alizade Khaledabad 1
1 Urmia university
2 Urmia university
3 Urmia university
چکیده [English]

Abstract


Background and objectives: Heavy metals enter the environment through the discharge of industrial wastewater and urban wastewater. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are considered as an essential element for life and act as micronutrients when present in trace amounts, too much Zn and Cu can still cause eminent health problems. There are several method to remove the heavy metals from aqueous solutions that adsorption by cheap minerals is one of the best method.
Materials and methods: The raw diatomite as a sorbent for removal of Cu and Zn used in this investigation was prepared as a natural resource from, Birjand mine. In this study, batch experiments were conducted for evaluation of the kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption of Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions by diatomite. The kinetic parameters of metal ions sorption by diatomite (0.1g) were determined with 25mL solutions containing 100 mg L-1 Cu and Zn concentrations at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 sen 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 min 2, 4, 6 hr at (at background solution 0.03 mol L-1 NaNO3). For thermodynamic studies the solutions were stirred in a thermally controlled shaker at 10, 20, 30 and 40 ºC .The adsorption behavior of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in different time was conducted by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and fractional power models. Also, Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms models have also been used to the equilibrium adsorption at data 10, 20, 30 and 40 ºC.
Results: The results showed that the adsorption capacity of diatomite increased with increasing contact time. The time required creating equilibrium between the adsorbed metals on the solid surface and the fraction remaining in the solution for Cu and Zn were 40 and 120 minutes, respectively, and the amount sorption of Cu was more than Zn by diatomite. The maximum adsorption of Cu and Zn (qmax) by diatomite at 20 ° C was 56 and 27 mg g-1, respectively. Among adsorption kinetic models, pseudo-second-order model was better fitted for experimental data (R2=0.99). The values of adsorption by diatomite, increased with increasing temperature, the adsorption data were well fitted with Langmuir (R2: 0.96-0.99). The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) indicated that the adsorption of Cu and Zn ions were feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at 10–40ºC. The sorption energy parameter (E) of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm values indicated probably physical sorption reaction of the metals by the sorbent (E Conclusion: Because of the presence of heavy metals in contaminated water and the importance of their removal, use of diatomite as one of the cheap and accessible absorbents can be effective in the removal of heavy metals from industrial contaminated water sources, especially Cu and Zn.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sorption
  • kinetic
  • diatomite
  • Cu
  • Zn

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 26، شماره 5
آذر و دی 1398
صفحه 59-75

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