بررسی رابطه شاخص دبی پایه با دما و بارندگی به روش موجک همدوس (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز گرگان‌رود)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی

2 استادیار دانشاه گنبد کاووس

3 استادیار گروه آبخیزداری دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد آبخیزداری دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم در نواحی مختلف دنیا باعث تغییر پارامترهای هواشناسی شده است. خشکسالی و کم‌آبی مشکلی است که ممکن است بسیاری از کشورها را دچار بحران نماید. بنابراین مطالعه تغییرات پارامترهای هواشناسی و تأثیر آن بر دبی رودخانه‌ها که عامل مهمی در تأمین نیازهای آبی می‌باشند حائز اهمیت است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط پارامترهای دما و بارندگی با شاخص دبی پایه در رودخانه گرگانرود با روش انتقال موجک پیوسته و همدوسی موجک می‌باشد. ابتدا دبی پایه با استفاده از روش دو پارامتره اکهارت تعیین و سپس شاخص دبی پایه محاسبه شد. شاخص دبی پایه نشان دهنده سهم آب‌های زیرزمینی در جریان سطحی رودخانه است که کمترین شاخص سالیانه مربوط به ایستگاه تقی‌آباد با مقدار 30/0 و بیشترین شاخص مربوط به ایستگاه تمر با مقدار 66/0 است. سپس رابطه درجه حرارت و بارندگی با شاخص دبی پایه شش ایستگاه (تمر، لزوره، نوده، ارازکوسه، سدگرگان و تقی آباد) واقع در حوزه آبخیز گرگان‌رود در یک دوره 33 ساله (1360 تا 1392) با روش انتقال موجک پیوسته و همدوسی موجک بررسی شد. تحلیل ارتباط داده‌های سالیانه دما و بارش بیانگر تأثیر دو پارامتر دما و بارش بر شاخص دبی پایه است. بررسی شدت همدوسی بین بارندگی و شاخص دبی پایه در ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه نشان داد بیشترین همبستگی در دوره‌های 1 تا 4 ساله وجود دارد که این همبستگی در سال‌های میانی ایستگاه‌های سد گرگان و تقی‌آباد غیر مستقیم و در سایر ایستگاه‌ها و سال‌های ابتدایی و انتهایی ایستگاه تقی‌آباد مستقیم است. در دوره‌های 4 تا 8 ساله نیز ارتباط و همبستگی‌هایی بین بارندگی و شاخص دبی پایه وجود دارد که در ایستگاه‌های لزوره و نوده مستقیم و ارازکوسه و تمر غیر مستقیم است. همچنین در دوره 8 تا 10 ساله بیشترین همبستگی در ایستگاه‌های ارازکوسه و نوده و با شدت کمتر در ایستگاه سدگرگان وجود دارد که جهت پیکان‌ها مستقیم بودن این ارتباط را نشان داد. تحلیل شدت همدوسی بین دما و شاخص دبی پایه نشان می‌دهد ارتباط و همبستگی‌های مستقیم و با شدت زیاد مربوط به ایستگاه‌های سدگرگان در سال‌های 1384 تا 1388 در دوره 3-4 ساله، لزوره در سال‌های 1381 تا 1385 با دوره بازگشت 4 ساله و تقی‌آباد در سال‌های 1363 تا 1368 با دوره بازگشت 1 تا 5 ساله است. همچنین همبستگی‌های غیر مستقیم مربوط به ایستگاه‌های نوده و تمر به ترتیب در سال‌های 1366 تا 1369 و 1390 تا 1392 با دوره بازگشت کوتاه مدت 2 و 3 ساله و ایستگاه تقی‌آباد در سال‌های 1372 تا 1379 و تمر 1371 تا 1392 با دوره بازگشت بلند مدت 8 تا 10 ساله است. با توجه به شرایط ایستگاه‌ها ممکن است ارتباط بارندگی با شاخص دبی پایه مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم باشد. همچنین در بعضی از ایستگاه‌ها در دوره‌هایی رابطه مستقیم و در مابقی دوره رابطه عکس وجود دارد. ارتباط بین شاخص دبی پایه و دما نیز در بعضی از ایستگاه‌ها مستقیم و در برخی غیرمستقیم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the relationship between base flow index with temperature and rainfall using wavelet coherence (Case study: Gorganroud watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Morteza Seyedian 1
  • Hamed Rouhani 2
  • Masoomeh Farasati 3
  • Seyed Reza Hosseini 4
1
2 Assistant Professor in Watershed Management, Natural Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Gonbad, Gonbad
3 Assistant Professor in Watershed Management, Natural Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Gonbad, Gonbad
4 Graduate student, Natural Resources Department, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Gonbad, Gonbad
چکیده [English]

Climate change has changed meteorological parameters in different parts of the world. Drought is a problem that may lead to crisis in many countries. Therefore, the study of meteorological parameters changes and their effect on river flow is important which an important factor in supplying water supply is. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature and rainfall parameters with base flow index using continuous wavelet transform and wavelet coherence in Gorganroud river. At first, the base flow was determined using Eckhart's two-parameter method and then the base flow index was calculated. The base flow index indicates the portion of groundwater in river surface flow, with lowest annual index in Taghiabad station with a value of 0.30 and the highest of its in Tamer station with a value of 0.66. Then, the annual trend of temperature and rainfall was investigated with base flow index of six stations (Tamer, Lazoreh, Nodeh, Arzakkuseh, Sedegorgan and Taghi Abad) in Gorganroud watershed during a period of 33 years (1981 to 2013) using continuous wavelet transform and wavelet Coherence. The analysis of annual temperature and precipitation trend with base flow index showed that two parameters of temperature and precipitation affect the base flow index. Investigation of Coherence intensity between rainfall and base flow index in stations showed that there is the highest correlation between 1-4 years, which indirect correlation was observed in the middle years of Sadegorgan and Taghiabad stations and direct in other stations and the early and the end years of Taqiabad station. There are also correlations between the rainfall and the base flow index in the 4-8 year period, which are direct in Lazooreh and Nodeh and indirect in Tamer stations. Also, in the period of 8 to 10 years, the most correlation was found in Arzokesh and Nodeh stations with less intensity in the Sadgegran station, which arrows direction indicated direct relationship. The analysis of the intensity of coherence between temperature and base flow index showed that direct and high intensity correlation in Sadgegorgan stations between 2005 to 2009 in 3-4 year period, Lazorah between 2002 to 2006 with 4 year period and Taghiabad between 1984 to 1989 with period of 1 to 5 years. Indirect correlations was found in Nodeh and Tamer stations between 1987 to 1990 and 2011 to 2013, respectively, with a short 2-year and 3-year period and Taqi-Abad stations between 1993 to 2000 and between 1992 to 2013 with a long-term period of 8 to 10 years. The rainfall relationship with the base flow index can be direct or indirect due to the condition of the stations. Also, in some stations there is a direct relationship in the periods and indirect relationship in the rest of the period. The relationship between the base flow index and temperature is also indirect in some of the stations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Base flow index
  • Continuous wavelet transform
  • Temperature
  • Wavelet Coherence

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 26، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 1-25

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