تأثیر نوع بقایای گیاهی جنگلی و کاربرد نیتروژن بر دینامیک کربن و نیتروژن آلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: اکوسیستم های جنگلی یک نوع کاربری اراضی برای ذخیره کربن در خاک‌ها و حذف دی اکسید کربن اتمسفری به‌ حساب می‌آیند. بقایای گیاهی جنگلی که دیرتر تجزیه می‌شوند تا مدت زمان طولانی‌تری در خاک باقی می‌مانند و به ذخیره بیشتر کربن در خاک کمک می‌کنند. تجزیه کلش یک فرایند اکولوژیکی است که مواد غذایی برای رشد گیاهان فراهم کرده و تولیدات اولیه خالص خشکی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. به همین دلیل هدف این تحقیق مطالعه تأثیر نوع بقایای گیاهی جنگلی و کاربرد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر معدنی شدن کربن و نیتروژن آلی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌ منظور بررسی تاثیر نوع بقایای گیاهی جنگلی و کاربرد نیتروژن بر دینامیک کربن و نیتروژن آلی یک آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه‌ی طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار و با استفاده از کیف کلش به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور‌ها‌ی مورد بررسی شامل نوع بقایای گیاهی جنگلی (بلوط، دارتالاب، سپیدار و کاج)، سطوح نیتروژن خاک (صفر، 20 و 40 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و مدت زمان خوابانیدن بقایا (1، 2، 3 و 4 ماه) بودند که بترتیب در کرتهای فرعی – فرعی، فرعی و اصلی قرار داده شدند. پس از سپری شدن فواصل زمانی خوابانیدن، کیف‌های کلش از خاک خارج و پس از اندازه‌گیری وزن بقایای گیاهی باقیمانده در آن‌ها میزان کربن آلی بقایا به‌روش خاکستر کردن در دمای 450 درجه‌ی سانتی‌گراد به مدت پنج ساعت و میزان نیتروژن کل با استفاده از روش کلدال اندازه‌گیری شد. مقدار هدررفت کربن و نیتروژن آلی از کسر میزان کربن و نیتروژن باقیمانده در هر بازه زمانی از میزان کربن و نیتروژن آلی باقیمانده‌ در بازه‌ی زمانی ما قبل آن محاسبه گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند که بیشترین مقدار هدررفت کربن از بقایای سپیدار به میزان 89/52 درصد و کمترین مقدار هدررفت کربن از بقایای بلوط به میزان 77/25 درصد اتفاق افتاد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار هدررفت نیتروژن از بقایای سپیدار به میزان 74/42 درصد و کمترین مقدار هدررفت نیتروژن از بقایای کاج به میزان 03/31 درصد صورت پذیرفت. بیشترین مقدار هدررفت کربن و نیتروژن آلی از سطح نیتروژن 40 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک و کمترین مقدار آن از تیمار شاهد اتفاق افتاد. با افزایش مدت زمان خوابانیدن بقایا مقدار هدررفت کربن و نیتروژن آلی افزایش یافت ولی بیشترین مقدار هدررفت در اولین ماه خوابانیدن اندازه‌گیری گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد نیتروژن مقدار هدررفت کربن و نیتروژن آلی از بقایا را افزایش داد و سرعت تجزیه بالای بقایای سپیدار در مقایسه با بلوط را می‌توان به میزان لیگنین کمتر این بقایا نسبت داد چون سپیدار از جمله گیاهان نرم چوب بحساب می‌آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of forest plant residue type and nitrogen application on organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Forest ecosystems are very important types of land uses for storage of carbon in soils and removal of the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Forest plant residues which decompose slowly have a longer residence time and cause more storage of carbon in soils. As an ecological process, litter decomposition provides plants with nutrients for growth and influences their net dry primary products. The aims of this research were to study the effects of forest plant residue type and nitrogen application on organic carbon mineralization.
Materials and methods: This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of forest plant residue type and nitrogen application on organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics. A split – split plot experiment with three replications was conducted using the litter bag method. The examined factors included types of plant residue (oak, bald cypress, white poplar and pine), levels of applied nitrogen (0, 20 and 40 mg N / kg soil) and incubation periods (1, 2, 3 and 4 months) which were located in sub – sub, sub – and main plots respectively. At the end of the incubation period, the litter bags were pulled out of the pots; after the weights of the remaining plant residues in the bags were measured, the plant residues organic carbon was measured via the dry combustion method at 450°C for 5 h and the total nitrogen via the kjeldahl method. Organic carbon and nitrogen losses were calculated by subtracting the remaining amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen at each incubation time interval from those of the prior interval.
Results: The greatest (52.89 %) and the least (25.77%) amounts of organic carbon loss were measured respectively for white poplar and oak plant residues. White poplar plant residue also showed the greatest (42.74%) amount of nitrogen loss during incubation which was in contrast to pine plant residue which had the least (31.03%) amount of nitrogen loss. The highest and lowest amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen loss were obtained from 40 mg N / kg soil and control treatment. The amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen losses increased as the incubation period increased but the highest amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen losses were measured for the first month of incubation.
Conclusion: Application of nitrogen causes an increase in the residual organic carbon and nitrogen loss. White poplar residues have a higher decomposition rate than those of oak because they contain less amounts of lignin, as poplar is a soft wood tree.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic carbon loss
  • Plant residue types
  • Soil nitrogen levels
  • Organic nitrogen loss

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 23، شماره 5
آذر 1395
صفحه 191-205

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