The Impact of Biochars on the Availability and Release Kinetics of Zinc in a Naturally Contaminated Calcareous Soil

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahr-e-kord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran

2 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahr-e-kord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran

3 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahr-e-kord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Soil and Water Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Shahr-e-kord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Some mining activities such as extraction, transportation, processing and recycling of minerals have led to soil pollution. The common pollutant of these activities is the entry of heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) into the soil. Zn decreases roots growth and leaves development and causes chlorosis, especially in young leaves. One of the effective factors of Zn adsorption by plants is its bioavailability in soil. The availability of Zn in soil is regulated by biological, chemical, and physical processes and interaction between these processes. By adsorbing and stabilizing heavy metals, biochar is capable of removeing heavy metals from contaminated soil. In scientific studies, the speed of transmission, adsorption, and desorption of heavy metals, have the greatest importance and control their movement.
Materials and methods
In this research, the effect of various biochars compared on bioavailability and desorption kinetics of Zn, by treating contaminated soil with 2% wastes and biochars prepared from municipal waste compost, sewage sludge, sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed residues, almond hull and walnut hull, for stabilizing zinc, as a heavy metal, soil samples incubated for a period of 120 days. After the incubation period, the soil samples were collected, and the bioavailable amount of zinc was measured after extraction with DTPA-TEA. Also, the zinc desorption rate was measured in control and treatments during 504 hours.
Results
The results of this study showed bioavailable and cumulative release of Zn of treatments were significantly reduced in comparison with control. They were reduced more in soils treated with walnut hull and almond hull than oher soils. The comparison of the coefficient of determination (R2) and the standard error of estimate (SEE) showed that parabolic diffusion, power function, and first order equations had the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest standard error of estimate for control and treated soils, and therefore they have the ability to describe the rate of zinc release in soils. They had soils. K1 in the first-order equation was in the range of 0.007 to 0.009 mg kg − 1 h – 1 and a*b in the power function equation was in the range of 72.56 to 91.2 and R constant of the parabolic diffusion 52.5 to 74.9 mg kg − 1 h − 1. Based on the results of correlation studies in this research, the equations rates’ constants a and K1 (first-order equation), R (Simplified Elovich equation), b and a*b (in the power function equation) are more useful and realistic to describe the Zn release rate.
Conclusion
The biochars studied in this research had higher pH, EC and specific surface area than the raw residues and significantly reduced the zinc extracted by DTPA-TEA and the cumulative amount of zinc in the treatments. Biochars with higher specific surface area, pH and EC significantly reduced the availability and cumulative amount of zinc, so the order of reduction of availability and cumulative amount of Zn in soils was in the order: soils treated with walnut hull biochar > almond hull biochar > sugarcane bagasse biochar > Rapeseed residue biochar> Isfahan municipal waste compost biochar> Shahrekord sewage sludge biochar> Isfahan sewage sludge biochar. The use of biochars prepared from almond hull and walnut hull showed more ability for reduceing the bioavailability of Zn. So, the bioavailability of Zn decreased in soils treated with almond hull biochar and walnut hull biochar by 36.9% and 41.2% respectively compared to the control. Therefore, the greatest reduction of Zn bioavailability occurred due to the use of walnut and almond biochars. It is suggested that these two biochars will be tested in wider levels (farm levels) for purifying contaminated agricultural soils.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Cui, J., Jin, Q., Li, Y., & Li, F. (2019). Oxidation and removal of As (III) from soil using novel magnetic nanocomposite derived from biomass waste. Environmental Science: Nano, 6(2), 478-488.
2.Kalisz, S., Kibort, K., Mioduska, J., Lieder, M., & Małachowska, A. (2022). Waste management in the mining industry of metals ores, coal, oil and natural gas-A review. Journal of environmental management, 304, 114239.
3.Kennedy, J., Dean, J., Okeme, I., & Sapsford, D. (2023). An assessment of the efficacy of sodium carbonate for
semi-passive treatment of circumneutral zinc-bearing mine waters. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 53, 103764.
4.Mohseni, A., Reyhanitabar, A., Najafi, N., Oustan, S., & Bazargan, K. (2018). Kinetics of DTPA extraction of Zn, Pb, and Cd from contaminated calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 1-9.
5.Chen, L., Zhou, M., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Duan, C., Wang, X., Li, Z., Li, Z., & Fang, L. (2022). A global meta-analysis of heavy metal (loid) s pollution in soils near copper mines: Evaluation of pollution level and probabilistic health risks. Science of the Total Environment, 835, 155441.
6.Li, Y., Ye, Z., Yu, Y., Li, Y., Jiang, J., Wang, L., Wang, G., Zhang, H., Li, N., Xie, X., & Cheng, X. (2023). A combined method for human health risk area identification of heavy metals in urban environments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 449, 131067.
7.Jensen, J., Larsen, M. M., & Bak, J. (2016). National monitoring study in Denmark finds increased and critical levels of copper and zinc in arable soils fertilized with pig slurry. Environmental pollution, 214, 334-340.
8.Yazdankhah, S., Rudi, K., & Bernhoft, A. (2014). Zinc and copper in animal feed–development of resistance and
co-resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria of animal origin. Microbial ecology in health and disease, 25(1), 25862.
9.Xu, D., Zhou, P., Zhan, J., Gao, Y., Dou, C., & Sun, Q. (2013). Assessment of trace metal bioavailability in garden soils
and health risks via consumption of vegetables in the vicinity of Tongling mining area, China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 90, 103-111.
10.Alazzaz, A., Rafique, M. I., Al-Swadi, H., Ahmad, M., Alsewaileh, A. S., Usman, A. R., Al-Wabel., M. I., & Al-Farraj, A. S. (2023). Date palm-magnetized biochar for in-situ stabilization of toxic metals in mining-polluted soil: evaluation
using single-step extraction methods and phytoavailability. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 25(12), 1687-1698.
11.Miles, L. J., & Parker, G. R. (1979). DTPA soil extractable and plant heavy metal concentrations with soil-added Cd treatments. Plant Soil: 51(1), 59-68.
12.Kouassi, N. G. L. B., Yao, K. M., Sangare, N., Trokourey, A., & Metongo, B. S. (2019). The mobility of the trace metals copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, and nickel in tropical estuarine sediments, Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of soils and sediments, 19, 929-944.
13.Fangueiro, D., Bermond, A., Santos, E., Carapuça, H., & Duarte, A. (2005). Kinetic approach to heavy metal mobilization assessment in sediments: choose of kinetic equations and models to achieve maximum information. Talanta, 66(4), 844-857.
14.Motaghian, H. R., & Hosseinpur, A. R. (2013). Zinc desorption kinetics in wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) rhizosphere in some sewage sludge amended soils. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 13(3), 664-678.
15.Rafique, M. I., Usman, A. R., Ahmad, M., Sallam, A., & Al-Wabel, M. I. (2020). In situ immobilization of Cr and its availability to maize plants in tannery waste–contaminated soil: effects of biochar feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Journal of Soils Sedimet. 20(1), 330-339.
16.Sohi, S. P. (2012). Carbon storage with benefits. Science. 338(6110): 1034-1035.
17.Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: Klute A. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part l.2nd edition. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison. Wisconsin. pp. 404-407.
18.Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison. pp. 417-435.
19.Leoppert, R. H., & Suarez, D. L. (I996). Carbonate and gypsum. In: Sparks D. L. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison. pp. 437-447.
20.Sumner, M. E., & Miller, P. M. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficient. In: Sparks D. L. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA. Madison. pp. 1201-1230.
21.Nelson, D. W., & Sommers L. E. (1996). Carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Sparks D. L. (ed.) Methods
of Soil Analysis. SSSA, Madison. pp. 961-1010.
22.Sposito, G., Lund, L. J., & Chang, A. C. (1982). Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in solid phases. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46(2), 260-264.
23.Lindsay, W. L., & Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.42, 421-428.
24.Han, Y., Cao, X., Ouyang, X., Sohi, S. P., & Chen, J. (2016). Adsorption kinetics of magnetic biochar derived from peanut hull on removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution: effects of production conditions and particle size. Chemosphere, 145, 336-341.
25.Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., & Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American chemical society, 60 (2), 309-319.
26.Havlin, J. L., Westfall, D. G., & Olsen, S. R. (1985). Mathematical models for potassium release kinetics in calcareous soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49 (2), 371-376.
27.Martin, H. W., & Sparks, D. L. (1983). Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release from two coastal plain soils.
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47, 883-887.
28.Barreto, M. S. C., Gomes, F. P., de Carvalho, H. W. P., & Alleoni, L. R. F. (2023). Desorption kinetic and sequential extraction of Pb and Zn in a contaminated soil amended with phosphate, lime, biochar, and biosolids. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(57), 120793-120804.
29.Kabiri, P., Motaghian, H., & Hosseinpur, A. (2021). Impact of biochar on release kinetics of Pb (II) and Zn (II) in a calcareous soil polluted with mining activities. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(1), 22-34.
30.Kabata-Pendias, A., & Pendias, H. (1992). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. pp. 51-70.
31.Li, J. S., Wang, P., & Liu, L. (2013). Environmental prediction model for dynamic release of Lead in contaminated soil under washing Remediation. EJGE, 18, 55-70.
32.Motaghian, H. R., & Hosseinpur, A. R. (2014). Zinc desorption kinetics in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rhizosphere in sewage sludge-amended calcareous soils. Environmental earth sciences, 71, 965-973.
33.Reyhanitabar, A., & Gilkes, R. J. (2010). Kinetics of DTPA extraction of zinc from calcareous soils. Geoderma. 154(3-4), 289-293.
34.Kabiri, P., Hosseinpur, A., Motaghian, H., & Iranipour, R. (2024). Modeling the kinetic equations in describing the release rate of lead in a naturally contaminated calcareous soil treated with different biochars. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 55 (5), 815-832.
35.Ding, Z., Alharbi, S., Ali, E. F., Ghoneim, A. M., Hadi Al Fahd, M., Wang, G., & Eissa, M. A. (2022). Effect of phosphorus-loaded biochar and nitrogen-fertilization on release kinetic of toxic heavy metals and tomato growth. International journal of phytoremediation, 24(2), 156-165.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 32, Issue 1
April 2025
Pages 153-173

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics