Dynamic indices and yield of sweet corn under subsurface drip irrigation system

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Water Science and Engineering, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

3 Professor, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

5 . Ph.D. Graduate in Water Science and Engineering, Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

6 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract

Background and objectives: Water shortage is the most important factor in reducing the yield of agricultural products all over the world and this factor is more effective in arid and semi-arid regions. Iran is a country whose average rainfall is about one-third of the global average, and in terms of water resources, it is in dire straits. Therefore, it is necessary to help preserve limited water resources by optimal use, saving and increasing irrigation efficiency. This research was defined according to the consumption of the strategic product of corn and the importance of managing the country's limited renewable water resources, on top of that, the use of pressurized irrigation systems in the region and in the climatic conditions of Urmia.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate different levels of irrigation on performance indicators and plant traits of sweet corn, under the subsurface drip irrigation system in the form of a complete randomized block design with four treatments of 20% over-irrigation, equal to the water requirement, 20 and 40% under-irrigation in four replicates in the research farm of the Engineering Department. water of Urmia University. The plant index values of stem diameter, leaf area, grain yield, number of leaves per stem, biological yield (wet), plant dry matter and cob yield during the growing season on specific dates and also on the day of harvest. was taken and evaluated.
Results: The results showed that in general, the effects of under-irrigation and over-irrigation on biological yield, dry matter, uncoated cob yield, 300 seed weight, number of leaves and stem diameter were significant. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that with the reduction of water consumption, the cob yield decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in overwatering and 60% water requirement treatments with an average of 1.83 and 1.13 kg/m2, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, under-irrigation and over-irrigation have a significant effect on biological yield, dry matter, uncoated bale yield, three hundred weight, number of leaves and stem diameter. Also, based on the results, it can be stated that with the reduction of water consumption, the quantity of cobs decreases linearly. The highest and lowest cob yields were obtained in over-irrigation and 60% water requirement treatments with an average of 1.83 and 1.13 weight per square meter, respectively. According to the results of the research, with a 20% reduction in water consumption compared to full irrigation, only 5.02% of the biomass weight is reduced, apart from significance. Control (equal to water requirement) and 20% less irrigation in dry matter traits, uncoated cob yield, 300 seed weight, number of leaves and stem diameter, no significant difference was observed. The process of changes in the accumulation rate of biological yield of sweet corn initially started from 21 days after planting and after 6-9 days it entered the linear growth stage and then continued steadily. The highest weight of biological yield of sweet corn in different treatments was observed in 87 days after planting.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Baiamonte, G., Minacapilli, M., and Crescimanno, G. 2020. Effects of biochar on irrigation management and water use efficiency for three different crops in a desert sandy soil. Sustainability. 12: 1. 76-92.
2.Afshar, H., and Sadrqain. 2013. The effect of different water levels, plant density and planting arrangement on grain corn water efficiency in subsurface strip drip irrigation system. Abvakhak Journal (Agricultural Sciences and Industries). 27: 6. 1145-1152. (In Persian)
3.Karimi, M., Baghani, J., and Jalini, M. 2014. Investigating the effect of different levels of drip irrigation on grain corn yield. Water and soil. 23: 2. 927-977. (In Persian)
4.Ashraf, M., Arno, H., Beling, D., and Santos. 2012. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology Advances. 27: 2. 84-93.
5.Gheysari, M., Sadeghi, S.H., Loescher, H.W., Amiri, S., Zareian, M.J., Majidi, M.M., Asgarinia, P., and Payero, J.O. 2017. Comparison of deficit irrigation management strategies on root, plant growth and biomass productivity of silage maize. Agricultural water management. 18: 2. 126-138.
6.Sepaskhah, A., Tavakoli, R., and Mousavi, F. 2015. The principles and application of low irrigation, published by the committee. Press, 288p. (In Persian)
7.Ebrahimi, H., and Hasan Pourdarvishi, H. 2014. The relationship between particle performance and water consumption (computational water demand and soil soil). Iran Irrigation and Drainage Journal. 9: 4. 605-613. (In Persian)
8.Louise, H., Comas., Thomas, J., Trout., Kendall, C., DeJonge., Huihui., Zhang, Sean M., Gleason. 2019. Water productivity under strategic growth stage-based deficit irrigation in maize. Agricultural Water Management. 212: 2. 433-440.
9.Scot, P., and Aboudrare, A. 2009. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environment. European Journal of Agronomy. 21: 433-446.
10.Mohammadkhani, A., Pourgholam Amiji, M., Sohrabi, T., and Liaqat, A. 2019. The effect of different levels of water stress in two surface and subsurface strip drip irrigation systems on corn yield and water efficiency. Water and Irrigation Management. 10: 2. 247-264. (In Persian)
11.Giordano, M., Scheierling, S.M., Tréguer, D.O., Turral, H., and  McCornick, P.G. 2019. Moving beyond ‘more crop per drop’: insights from two decades of research on agricultural water productivity. International Journal of Water Resources Development. pp. 1-25.
12.Oktem, A., Eulgun, A., and Coskun, Y. 2005. Determination of sowing dates of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt.) under Sanliurfa conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 28: 83-91.
13.Ertick, A., and Kara, B. 2013. Yield and quality of swect corn under deficit irrigation, Agriculture Water Management. 12: 9. 138-144.
14.Ghazian Tafarishi, S., Aineband, A., Tavakoli, H., Khavari Khorasani, S., and Jalini M. 2013. The effect of low irrigation and planting method on the yield and yield components of different sweet corn cultivars. Agricultural Research of Iran. 11: 1. 171-178. (In Persian)
15.Basaki, T., Pikirstan, B., and Khayyam Nakobi, M. 2016. The effect of irrigation cut-off time on water use efficiency and proline content of six sweet corn cultivars under Milajard climatic conditions. Scientific-research quarterly of crop plant biotechnology. 20: 7. 23-7. (In Persian)
16.Feridouni, M.J., Faraji, H., and Parents, H.R. 2013. The effect of treated urban sewage and nitrogen on quantitative yield, quality of sweet corn seeds and some soil characteristics in Yasuj region. Water and Soil Science Journal. 23: 3. 43-56. (In Persian)
17.Albasha, R., Dejean, C., Mailhol, J.C., Weber, J., Weber, J., Bollegue, C., and Lopez, J.M. 2015. Performances of subsurface drip irrigation for maize under Mediterranean and temperate oceanic climate conditions. P 84-97. 26th Euro- editerranean Regional Conference and Workshops. 12-15 October 2015, Montpellier, France.
18.Ayars, J.E., Fulton, A., and Taylor, B. 2015. Subsurface drip irrigation in California. Agricultural Water Management. 157: 2. 39-47.
19.Valentín, F., Nortes, P.A., Domínguez, A., Sánchez, J.M., Intrigliolo, D.S., Alarcón, J.J., and López-Urrea, R. 2020. Comparing evapotranspiration and yield performance of maize under sprinkler, superficial and subsurface drip irrigation in a semi-arid environment. Irrigation Science. 38: 1. 105-115.
20.Dehghani Sanij, H., Kanani, A., and Hamami, M. 2015. Application of subsurface drip irrigation system and its management in corn cultivation. Water Management in Agriculture. 3: 2. 39-52. (In Persian)
21.Heydari, F., Sohrabi, T., Ebrahimian, H., and Dehghani Sanij, H. 2019. Investigating the components of yield and water consumption efficiency of three corn hybrids with different levels of irrigation in the subsurface drip irrigation system. Water and Irrigation Management. 10: 3. 397-409. (In Persian)
22.Kanani, E., Dehghanisanij, H., and Akhavan, S. 2016. Effects of different irrigation methods and mulch on corn (Zea Mayz L.) evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency in a semi-arid climate. 2nd world Irrigation Forum (WIF2). 6-8 November, 2016. Chiang Mai, Thailand.
23.Naderi Bani, A., Gholami Sefidkohi, M., and Kamali, M. 2018. Investigating the effect of local surface and subsurface irrigation on sweet corn yield. P 123-139. The 15th National Conference on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction, Kerman. (In Persian)
24.Liaqat, A., Pourgholam Amiji, M., and Mashori Nejad, P. 2017. The effect of surface and subsurface irrigation with saline water and mulch on the yield and productivity of corn water and the distribution of solutes in the soil. Water and soil. 32: 4. 661-674. (In Persian)
25.Christensen, J.E. 1941. The uniformity of application of water by sprinkler systems. Agric. Eng. 22: 89-92.
26.Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., and Bouharmont, J. 2006. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity rsistance. Annals of Botany 78: 389-398.
27.Paalesh, M., Bafkar, A., Farhadi Bansoleh, B., and Ghobadi, M. 1400. Investigating the effects of low irrigation on the quantitative, qualitative and water productivity characteristics of single cross 706 seed corn in Kermanshah. Advanced technologies in water efficiency. 1: 1. 68-88. (In Persian)
28.Fahiman, A., We gave, A., Chaichi, R., Akbari, A. et al. 1390. Investigating the effect of low irrigation methods on
the quantitative and qualitative yield of summer fodder plants (corn, sorghum and fodder millet). P 43-56. The
first national congress of modern agricultural sciences and technologies, Zanjan. (In Persian)
29.Djaman, K. 2011. Crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients, plant growth and yield parameters, and nutrient uptake dynamics of maize (Zea mays L.) Under full and limited irrigation. Effect of irrigation on yield and above-ground biomass, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. pp. 61-67.
30.Zaghian, G. 2015. The effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods combined with low irrigation on water use efficiency and yield of fodder corn plants. Master's thesis, Water Engineering Research Institute, Shahr Kurd University. 189p. (In Persian)
31.Akhvan, K., Shiri, M., and Kazemi Azar, F. 2014. The effect of drip irrigation and planting arrangement on seed corn yield. Water research in agriculture. 28: 1. 95-107. (In Persian)
32.Farsiani, A., Ghobadi, M.E., and Jalalillonarmand, S. 2011. The effect of water deficit and sowing date on yield components and seed sugar contents of sweet corn (Zea mays L.), African Journal of Agriculture Research. 6: 26. 5769-5774.
33.van Donk, S.J., and Shaver, T.M. 2016. Effects of nitrogen application frequency via subsurface drip irrigation on corn development and grain yield. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 39: 13. 1830-1839.
34.Imam, Y., and Ranjbar, GH. 2001. Effect of plant density and drought stress on vegetative growth stage on yield, yield components and water use efficiency in grain corn. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2: 3. 200-226. (In Persian)
35.Ahmadi, J., Rajab, Ch., Khaneghah, H., and Rostami, M. 2000. Investigation of drought resistance indices and application of biplot method in corn hybrids. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2: 3. 102-112.
36.Ahmadpour, A., Farhadi Bansoule, B., and Qobadi, M. 2015. Investigating the effects of low irrigation on the growth process and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain corn in Kermanshah. Abukhak Resources Protection Journal. 3: 6. 111-100. (In Persian)
37.Sarlak, S., and Aghaalikhani, M. 2011. Effect of plant density and mixing ratio on crop yield in sweet com (Zea mays L. var Saccharata) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) intercropping. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 11: 4. 367-380. (In Persian)
38.Hirich, A., Rami, A., Laajaj, K., Choukr-Allah, R., Jacobsen, S.E., El Youssfi, L., and El Omari, H. 2012. Sweet Corn Water Productivity under Several Deficit Irrigation Regimes Applied during Vegetative Growth Stage using Treated Wastewater
as Water Irrigation Source. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 61: 840-847.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 29, Issue 4
March 2023
Pages 115-123

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics