Investigating the factors affecting the concentration of lead and cadmium in different points of the Sejzi desert emphasizing the distribution of biological soil crusts

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Combat to Desertification Department, Faculty of Desert Studies, University of Semnan, Iran.

2 . Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Arid Lands and Desert Management, Faculty of Desert Studies, University of Semnan, Iran.

3 Professor, Dept. of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals are one of the most common pollutants that enter the environment due to industrial activities in human societies and endanger the health of organisms and humans over time. Recently, to decrease negative effects of heavy metals in the environment, the use of bio sorbents produced from industrial and agricultural wastes has been replaced by other methods as a low-cost method. Other biological methods, such as the establishment of some plant species that have the potential to absorb heavy metals, have had acceptable results in the areas around industrial estates or metal mines. Based on Researches' results in other parts of the world, biocrusts play an important role in the uptake of heavy metals and soil purification. Biocrusts are a close community of lichens, mosses, algae, and other soil microorganisms that affect the basic processes of the soil ecosystem. In this study, some of the soil properties and cadmium and lead concentrations in different parts of the Sejzi plain of Isfahan province were investigated and the effect of biological crusts on the concentration of pollutants was investigated.
Materials and Methods After measuring acidity, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, soil texture, lead, and cadmium concentrations, the relationship between the distribution of biocrusts with soil properties and cadmium and lead concentrations was investigated by principal component analysis. Then, using one-way ANOVA, the most important effective features are identified. Based on Duncan's test, the mean values of soil properties measured in five villages located in Sejzi plain were compared with each other at 95% probability level, and finally, the soil of points of Sejzi plain with higher cadmium and lead concentrations were determined.
Results: According In all studied sites, the average absorbable lead was more than 80 mg/kg (permissible level). The amounts of cadmium were measured at Fasaran and Sejzi at 2.8±0.6 and 2.38±0.18 mg/kg, respectively, that had been exceeded it's permissible level (2 mg/kg). Also, the results of the principal component analysis showed that in the first component, which is 67.4% of the total variance of the data, the correlation between the percentage of silt was 0.438 and the percentage of sand was measured -0.451. In the second component, which is justified about 48.6% of the total variance of the data, the correlation coefficient of the values of cadmium and lead were estimated 0.388 and -0.438, respectively. The comparison of soil properties in different places showed that the average values of soil salinity, organic matter, silt percentage, cadmium and lead are different in those places.
Conclusion: The high concentration of lead and cadmium levels in areas without biocrusts, including Sajzi and Fesaran, were mainly due to human mismanagement and construction of factories, mines, and roads. Also, some intrinsic properties of soil, such as soil texture were effective in the distribution and establishment of biological crusts.

Keywords

References

1.Abbaspour, A., Kalbasi, M., Hajrasuliha, Sh., and Golchin, A. 2007. Effects of plant residue and salinity on fractions of cadmium and lead in three soils. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 16: 539-555.
2.Akhgar, A., Ahmadinia, E., Hamidpour, M., and Shirani, H. 2021. Effectof phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads on cadmium uptake by corn in contaminated soil. Journal of Soil Biology. 8: 1. 1-15 (In Persian)
3.Alboghobeish, H., Tahmourespour, A., and Doudi, M. 2014. The study of nickel resistant bacteria (NiRB) isolated from wastewaters polluted with different industrial sources. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 12: 1-7.
4.An, M., Wei, C., Wang, K., Fan, H., Wang, X., and Chang, D. 2020. Effects of polymer modifiers on the bacterial communities in cadmium contaminated alkaline soil. Applied. Soil Ecology.157: 1-13.
5.Aneja, R.K., Chaudhary, G., Ahluwalia, S.S., and Goyal, D. 2010. Biosorption of Pb2+ and Zn2+ by Non-Living Biomass of Spirulina sp. International Journal of Microbiology. 50: 4. 438–442.
6.Attanayake, C.P., Hettiarachchi, G.M., Harms, A., Presley, D., Martin, S., and Pierzynski, G.M. 2014. Field evaluations on soil plant transfer of lead from an urban garden soil. Journal of Environment Quality. 43: 2. 475-87.
7.Basta, N.T., Gradwohl, R., Senethen, K.L., and Schroder, J.L. 2001. Immobilization of lead, zinc and cadmium in semelter contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. Journal of Environment Quality.30: 1222-1230.
8.Belnap, J., and Lange, O.L. 2003. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Springer - Verlag, Berlin, 201p.
9.Biria, M., Moezzi, A.A., and Amerikhah, H. 2017. Effect of suarance bagasse made biochar on maize plant growth, grown in lead and cadmium contaminated soil. Journal of Water and Soil Research.31: 2. 609-626. (In Persian).
10.Biswas, T., Parveen, O., Pendary, V.P., Mathur, A., and Dwivedi, U.N. 2020. Heavy metal accumulation efficiency, growth and centelloside production in the medicinal herb Cetella asiatica (L.) urban under different soil concentrations of cadmium and lead. Industrial Crops and Products. 157: 1-14.
11.Carne, G., Leconte, S., Sirot, V.,  Breysse, N., Badot, P.M., Bispo, A., Deportes, I.Z., Dumat, C., Riviere, G., and Crepet, A. 2020. Mass balance approach to assess the impact of cadmium decrease in mineral phosphate fertilizers on health risk: The case study of French agricultural soils. Science of the Total Environment. 143374: 1-14.
12.Chalooie, M., Chorom, M., Moetamedi, H., and Farokhian Firoozi, A. 2011. Effect of wastewater sludge application on chemical fraction on of heavy metals cadmium and zinc in soil. The first International Conference and the Sixth National on Waste Management, 2-3 May, Mashhad.Iran, (In Persian)
13.Defoe, P.P., Hettiarachchi, G.M., Benedict, C., and Martin, S. 2014. Safety of gardening on lead-and arsenic contaminated brownfields. Journal of Environment Quality. 43: 6. 2064-2078.
14.Dixit, R.D., Malaviya, D., Pandiyan, K., Singh, U.B., Sahu, A., and Shukla, R. 2015. Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: An overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability;
7: 2. 2189-12.
15.Fayaz, F., and Zahedi, M. 2019. Effects of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and azotobacter on growth and oxidative responses of wheat to salinity and cadmium stresses. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 9: 39. 257-270.
16.Folk, R.L., and Ward, W.C. 1957. Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sediment and Petrology.27: 3-27.
17.Garty, J. 1985. The amounts of heavy metals in some lichens in the Negev Desert. Environment Pollution. 10: 287-300.
18.Ghafoor, A., Zia-UR-Rehman, M., Ghafoor, A., Murtaza, G., and Sabir,M. 2008. Fractionation and availability of cadmium to wheet as affectedby inorganic amendments. International Journal of Agriculture Biology.10: 5. 469-474.
19.Gholamhoseinian, A., Sepehr, A., and Sohrabi, M. 2019. The effect of biological soil crust (Moss and Lichen) on soil physicochemical properties in plain of the Takht-e-Sultan protected area of Khorasan-e-Razavi province. Research in Earth Science. 10: 38. 34-46. (In Persian)
20.Golchin, A., and Shafiee, S. 2003. Industrial activities and heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils in Zanjan province. Soil Science, environment and sustainable development Congress of Iran. TehRAN University. pp. 776-779. (In Persian)
21.Guo, H., Luo, S., Chen, L., Xiao, X., Xi, Q., and Wei, W. 2010. Bioremediation of heavy metals by growing hyperaccumulaor endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. L14. Bioresources Technology. 101: 228599-605.
22.Ekmekyapar, F., Aslan, A., Bayhan, Y. K., and Cakici, A. 2012. Biosorption of Pb (II) by Nonliving Lichen Biomass of Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. International Journal of Environment Resources. 6(2): 417-424.
23.Han, F.X., Banin, A., and Triplett, G.B. 2001. Redistribution of heavy metals in arid-zone soils under a wetting-drying soil moisture regime. Soil Science.166: 18-28.
24.Iran Department of Environment. 2014. Soil resource quality standards and guidelines, 161p.
25.Islam, E., Yang, X., Li, T., Liu, D., Jin, X., and Meng, F. 2007. Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. Journal of Hazard Mater. 147(3): 806-816.
26.Jarosławiecka, A. Z. 2014. Piotrowska-Seget Z. Lead resistance in micro-organisms. Microbiology. 160(Pt1):12-25.
27.Jarup, L. 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin. 68(1):167-82.
28.Kakeh, J., Gorji, M., Tavili, A., Sohrabi, M., and Pourbabaie, M. 2013. Investigation of the effect of biological soil crusts on soil hydrological properties in Qara Qir rangelands of Golestan province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 44(4): 397-403. (In Persian)
29.Kelly, D.J., Budd, K., and Lefebvre, D. D. 2006. The biotransformation of mercury in pH-stat cultures of microfungi. Botany. 84: 2. 254-60.
30.Khodaghli, M. 2008. The final report of drought zoning in Isfahan Province. The Center of agricultural research and natural resources of Isfahan Province.(In Persian)
31.Kibria, M.G., Ahmad, M.J., Islam, M., and Osman, K.T. 2013. Dynamics of cadmium and lead in some soils ofChittagong, Bangladesh. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology. 2: 6. 64-71.
32.Kim, D.W., Che, D.K., Wang, J., and Huang, C.P. 2002. Heavy metal removal by activated sludge: influenceof Nocardia amarae. Chemosphere.46: 137-142.
33.Kiran, I., Akar, T., and Tunali, S. 2005. Biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by pretreated biomass of Neurospora crassa. Process Biochemistry. 40: 11. 3550-3558.
34.Kopittke, P.M., Asher, C.J., Kopittke, R.A., and Menzies, N.W. 2007. Toxic effects of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Environment Pollution. 150: 2. 280-287.
35.Liu, D., Li, T.Q., Yang, X.E., Islam, E., Jin, X.F., and Mahmood, Q. 2008. Effect of Pb on leaf antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructure of the two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology.55: 1. 68-76.
36.Lumini, E., Pan, J., Magurno, F., Huang, C., Bianciotto, V., Xue, X., Balestrini, R., and Tedeschi, A. 2020. Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi characterization from saline lands in arid oases, northwest China. Journal of Fungi. 6: 80. 1-9.
37.Miles, L.J., and Parker, G.R. 1979. DTPA soil extractable and plant heavy metal concentrations with soil added Cd treatments. Plant and Soil. 51: 59-68.
38.Molaverdi, M., Golchin, A., and Varasteh Khanlai, Z. 2020. The effect of different amounts of natural biocher and poultry manure on zinc and cadmium in a contaminated soil. J. of Wat and Soil Cons, 27: 4. 89-108. (In Persian)
39.Oconnor, G.A., Oconnor, C., and Cline, G.R. 1984. Sorption of cadmium by calcareous soils: influence of solution composition. Americaan Journal of Soil Science Society. 48: 1244-1247.
40.Parhizkar, M., and Dadgahi, S. 2009. Investigation of using green algae in coastal area in Bushehr to biofilttering of Ni, Pb, Cd and Cu. Journal of Environment. 49: 20-30. (In Persian)
41.Paoli, L., Vannini, A., Fackovcova, Z., Guarnieri, M., and Backor, M.2018. One year of transplant: Is it enough for lichens to reflect thenew atmospheric conditions? Ecology Indices. 88: 495-502.
42.Parsadoost, F., Bahreininejad, B., Safarisanjaniand, A., and Kaboli, M. 2007. Phytoremediation of lead with native rangeland plants in Irankooh pollutedsoils. Pajuhesh and Sazandegi. 75: 54-63. (In Persian)
43.Rajaie, M. 2005. The effect of time and sources of cadmium and nickel on chemical forms, growth and uptake of these two elements by spinach. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Soil Studies, Agriculture Faculty, Shiraz University. (In Persian)
44.Rasouli Sadaghiani, M.H., Karimi, H., Ashrafi Saeilou, S., and Khodaverdiloo, H. 2019. The effect of Humic Acid on the phytoremediation efficiency of Pb in the contaminated soils by wormwood plant (Artemicia absantium). Journal of Water and Soil Science (Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources). 22: 4. 261-278. (In Persian)
45.Rastegar, A., Joneidi Jafari, A., Farzadkia, M., and Rezaee Gozalabad, Z. 2014. Survey of the effect of soil type on the leaching and absorption of heavy metal (Chromium, lead and cadmium) after compost application on the soil. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 6: 4. 522-534.
46.Rhoades, J. 1982. Soluble salts. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2.Chemical and microbial properties. American Soil Society of Agro-Soil Science, Madison. pp. 167-179.
47.Sarmad, J., Zamani, M., and Fallah, S.F. 2018. The effect of cadmium on growth characteristics and antioxidant enzymes in microalgea Anabena sp. Journal of Plant Research (Iran Journal of Biology). 31: 3. 611-624. (In Persian)
48.Singh, V.P., Srivastava, P.K., and Prasad S.M. 2012. Differential effect of UV-B radiation on growth, oxidative stress and ascorbate-glutathione cycle in two cyanobacteria under copper toxicity. Plant Physiology Biochemistry Journal. 61: 61-70.
49.Singer, A. 1989. Palygorskite and Sepiolite group minerals. P 829-872.In: Dixon, J.B., and Weed, S.B., (Eds,) Minerals in soil environment, Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
50.Skowronska, B., and Purvis, O.W. 2008. Lichen and metals. British Mycological Society, Elsevier, pp. 174-200.
51.Walkely, A., and Block, A. 1934. An Examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science.37: 1. 29-38.
52.Zamani Kebrabadi, B., Rejali, F., Hodjati, M., Emaeili Sharif, M., and Rahmani, H.R. 2021. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi on lead bioremediation by Cerasusmahaleb L. Mill. Journal of Soil Biology. 8: 1. 89-105. (In Persian).
53.Zouboulis, A.I., Loukidou, M.X., and Matis, K.A. 2004. Bio sorption of toxic metals from aqueous solution by bacterial strains isolated from metal-polluted soils. Process Biochemistry.39: 909-916.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 28, Issue 4
March 2022
Pages 123-144

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics