Comparison of bean yield in Furrow, Tape and Rain flat irrigation systems

Background and objectives: Rain flat sprinkler irrigation system is a new irrigation system that can be evaluated for its efficiency in crop yield. Due to the fact that a significant area of land in Markazi province is dedicated to bean cultivation and on the other hand, the effect of irrigation on beans by Tape drip and Rain flat sprinkler method in this area is unknown, so the purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate irrigation system with the aim of increasing productivity and reducing water consumption. Also in this study, furrow irrigation will be investigated as a control treatment.
Materials and methods: In order to compare water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer distribution in dry bean cultivation under the furrow, Rain flat and drip irrigation systems, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Arak. Urea fertilizer was used three times, including the appearance of the third three leaflets, the beginning of flowering and the stage of filling the seeds. The TDR device was used to measure soil moisture. Crop biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and water use efficiency were determined in experimental treatments. Finally, to investigate the amount of soil nitrogen changes before and after planting, soil sampling was done from zero to 120 cm depth and it was determined by automatic Kjeldahl machine.
Results: The results showed that the effect of different irrigation methods on the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant was significant at the level of 5% probability and on the amount of water consumed at the level of 1%. The Rain flat irrigation method increases the grain yield by a maximum of 29.5 and increases the biological yield to a maximum of 27.8 compared to the tape and furrow irrigation methods; however, this increase was not significant. Differences in water use in Rain flat and drip methods were not significant, but differences were significant in other cases with the furrow system. The highest physical water efficiency with an average of 360 grams of dry matter per cubic meter of water consumption belonged to the Tape irrigation method; but this advantage was only 2.8% compared to the Rain flat irrigation method. The rate of nitrogen leaching at the depths of 0 to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm in the Rain flat irrigation method was higher than the drip Type irrigation method; However, no significant leaching of this element was observed at depths of more than 60 cm. Considering the ratio of the costs of implementing each irrigation method in comparison with the crop yield, it was found that the cost of implementing the drip Type irrigation system for each kilogram of beans produced was about 2.7 times more than the Rain flat irrigation system.
Conclusion: Physical efficiency of water in Rain flat irrigation is not significantly different from Tape drip irrigation, but it is significantly different from Furrow irrigation. However, bean cultivation using Rain flat sprinkler irrigation method is recommended due to better economic efficiency compared to Tape drip irrigation systems and Furrow surface irrigation.