Adsorption characteristics of lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions by grape pruning residues and their biochar

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Soil Science Dept Urmia University

3 Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and is a ubiquitous contaminant in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The major inputs of Pb in aquatic systems come from drainage and surface runoffs effluent discharges from industries. Lead could be removed effectively by adsorption on a range of natural adsorbents. Biochar is a relatively novel sorbent produced by the pyrolysis of a feedstock under oxygen-limited or anaerobic conditions and usually has adsorption ability for heavy metals due to its higher surface area and cation exchange capacity. Agricultural residues, especially grape pruning residues, being produced in large quantities in the vineyards, are inexpensive and efficient biosorbents for Pb removal, hence, this study aimed to examine the potential mechanisms of Pb removal from aqueous solution by grape pruning residues and its biochars.


Materials and methods: In order to study the lead (Pb) adsorption behavior by grape pruning residue and its biochar, batch experiments carried out with different initial concentration of Pb (0 to 200 mg/L) with 0.03 M NaNO3 as a background solution. The effect of pH (4, 5, 6), ionic strengths (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 M) and temperature (10, 20, 30, 40 0C) were investigated.

Results: The results showed that the adsorption capacity of adsorbents increased with increasing initial concentration, pH and decreasing ionic strengths. The adsorption data were well fitted with Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models compared to Freundlich and Temkin models. Sorption capacity factors (qmax, KF, B, qD) and sorption energy factors (n, KL, KT) of gape pruning residue biochar was more than grap pruning residue. Temperature of background solution significantly affected Pb adsorption and the highest adsorption capacity was obtained at 40 0C. The sorption energy parameter (E) of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (3.6 to 7.6 kJ mol-1) and negative Gibbs free energy (∆G) values (-16 to -21 kJ mol-1) revealed the physical adsorption and spontaneous of Pb adsorption on the grape pruning residue and its biochar, respectively. The entropy (ΔS) and change in enthalpy (ΔH) were found to be 0.002 J mol-1 K-1 and 0.31 kJ mol-1 for grape pruning residue and 0.002 J mol-1 K-1 and 0.40 kJ mol-1 for grape pruning residue biochar, reflecting an affinity of Pb on the bioadsorbents and endothermic nature of Pb adsorption reaction.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the optimized pH and ionic strengths to reach the maximum sorption could be obtained based on the isotherm experiments, while the thermodynamic investigations could be of help to find the optimum temperature to achieve the most effective sorption by given adsorbent. Results from this study suggested that grape pruning residue and its biochar are effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb from wastewater, since it is a low-cost, abundant and locally available.

Keywords

References

1.Abdel-Ghani, N.T., Hefny, M., andEl-Chaghaby, G.A.F. 2007. Removal of lead from aqueous solution using low cost abundantly available adsorbents. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4: 1. 67-73.
2.Ahmed, L.A.A. 2010. Removal ofheavy metals from waste water bydate palm tree wastes. Eng. Technol. J. 28: 1. 119-125.
3.Allinor, I.J. 2007. Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by fly ash. Fuel. 86: 853-857.
4.Anirudhan, T.S., and Sreekumari, S.S. 2011. Adsorptive removal of heavymetal ions from industrial effluentsusing activated carbon derived from waste coconut buttons. J. Environ. Sci. 23: 12. 1989-1998.
5.Barakat, M.A. 2011. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab. J. Chem. 4: 4. 361-77.
6.Chen, Y., Xie, T., Liang, Q., Liu, M., Zhao, M., Wang, M., and Wang, G. 2016. Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23: 7757-7766.
7.Chen, Z., Chen, B., Zhou, D., andChen, W. 2012. Bisolute sorption and thermodynamic behavior of organic pollutants to biomass-derived biochars at two pyrolytic temperatures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46: 22. 12476-12483.
8.Debnath, S., and Ghos, U.C. 2009. Nanostructured hydrous titanium (IV) oxide: Synthesis, characterization and Ni (II) adsorption behavior. Chem. Eng. J. 152: 2. 480-491.
9.Dubinin, M.M., Zaverina, E.D., and Radushkevich, L.V. 1947. Sorption and Structure of Active Carbons: Adsorption of Organic Vapors. J. Phys. Chem.21: 1351-1362.
10.Ekpo, K.E., Asia, L.O., Amayo, K.O., and Jegede, D.A. 2008. Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in surrounding water and organs of some species of fish from Ikpobariver in Benin City, Nigeria. Int. J. Phys. Sci.3: 11. 289-292.
11.Gaber, E., Yahia, A., and Abdulrahim, A. 2012. Cadmium and Lead Biosorption by Chlorella Vulgaris. Sixteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 16, Istanbul, Turkey.
12.Gautam, R.K., Mudhoo, A., Lofrano,G., and Chattopadhyaya, M.C. 2014. Biomass-derived biosorbents formetal ions sequestration: Adsorbent modification and activation methods
and adsorbent regeneration. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2: 1. 239-259.
13.Giles, C.H., Smith, D., and Huitson,A. 1974. A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm. I. Theoretical. J. Coll. Interface Sci. 47: 755-765.
14.Giraldo, L., and Moreno, J.C. 2008. Pb and Cr adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons obtained from sugar cane husk and sawdust. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 81: 278-284.
15.Gray, C.W., Dunham, S.J., Dennis, .P.G., Zhao, F.J., and McGrath, S.P. 2006. Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud. Environ. Pollut. 142: 530-539.
16.Gupta, V.K., Gupta, M., and Sharma, S. 2001. Process Development for the Removal of Lead and Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Red “Mud- An Aluminum Industry Waste”. J. Water Res. 35: 5. 1125-1134.
17.Hikmat, N.A., Qassim, B.B., and Khethi, M.T. 2014. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Lead Adsorption from Aquesous Solution onto Petiole and Fiber of Palm Tree. Am. J. Chem.
4: 4. 116-124.
18.Li, J.X., Hu, J., Sheng, G.D., Zhao, G.X., and Huang, Q. 2009. Effect of pH, ionic strength, foreign ions and temperature on the adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solution to GMZ bentonite. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 349: 195-20.
19.Lu, K., Yang, X., Gielen, G., Bolan, N., Ok, Y.S., Niazi, N.K., Xu, S., Yuan, G., Chen, X., Zhang, X., and Liu, D.2016. Effect of bamboo and ricestraw biochars on the mobility and redistribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soil. J. Environ. Manage. 186: 285-292.
20.Mohammadi, M., Fotovat, A., and Haghnia, Gh.H. 2009. Heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater by sand, soil and organic matter. Water and Wastewater. 4: 71-81. (In Persian)
21.Nguyen, T.A.H., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W.S., Zhang, J., Liang, S., Yue, Q.Y., and Nguyen, T.V. 2013. Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 148: 574-585.
22.Park, J.H., Ok, Y.S., Kim, S.H., Cho, J.S., Heo, J.S., Delaune, R.D., and Seo, D.C. 2016. Competitive adsorption of heavy metals onto sesame straw biochar in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere.
31: 142. 77-83.
23.Paulino, A.T., Santos, L.B., and Nozaki, J. 2008. Removal of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ from battery manufacture wastewater by chitosan produced from silkworm chrysalides as a low-cost adsorbent. React. Funct. Polym. 68: 2. 634-42.
24.Pehlivan, E., Altun, T., and Parlayici, Ş. 2012. Modified barley straw as a potential biosorbent for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. Food chem. 135: 4. 2229-2234.
25.Romero-Gonzalez, J., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Rodríguez, E., Delgado, M., and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2006. Potential of Agave lechuguilla biomass forCr (III) removal from aqueous solutions: Thermodynamic studies. Bioresour. Technol. 97: 1. 178-182.
26.Sepehr, E., and Tosan, A. 2015. Influence of pH and ionic strength on cadmium sorption by some bioadsorbents. Iran. J. Soil Water Res. 46: 1. 133-140. (In Persian)
27.Sepehr, E., and Tosan, A. 2016. Removal efficiency of some bioadsorbents in removind of cadmium from aqueous solutions. J. Natur. Environ. (Iran. J. Natur. Recour.),68: 4. 583-594. (In Persian)
28.Sun, J., Lian, F., Liu, Z., Zhu, L., and Song, Z. 2014. Biochars derived from various crop straws: characterization and Cd removal potential. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 106: 226-231.
29.Tran, H.N., You, S.J., and Chao, H.P. 2016. Effect of pyrolysis temperatures and times on the adsorption of cadmium onto orange peel derived biochar. Waste Manag. Res. 34: 2. 129-138.
30.Wong, K.K., Lee, C.K., Low, K.S.,and Haron, M.J. 2002. Removal ofCu and Pb by tartaric acid modifiedrice husk from aqueous solution. Chemospher. 50: 23-28.
31.Yao, Z.Y., Qi, J.H., Wang, L.H. 2010. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of Cu (II) onto chestnut shell. J. Hazard. Mater. 174: 1. 137-143.
32.Zhang, X., He, L., Sarmah, A., Lin, K., Liu, Y., Li, J., and Wang, H. 2014. Retention and release of diethyl phthalate in biochar-amended vegetable garden soils. J. Soils Sed. 14: 1790-1799.
33.Zhang, X., Wang, H., He, L., Lu, K., Sarmah, A., Li, J., Bolan, N.S., Pei, J., and Huang, H. 2013. Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 20: 12. 8472-8483.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 27, Issue 1
March and April 2020
Pages 213-228

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics