The effect of Brassica napus, wheat and their composition biochar on nitrate adsorption and leaching from soil

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

gonbad university

Abstract

Introduction: Knowing the factors affecting the movement of water and salts in the soil profile and the use of new modifiers such as biodegradable can help to manage the proper management of nitrate leaching from the root zone and prevent the pollution of groundwater. Biochar is produced from pyrolysis of various biomasses under anaerobic conditions (or low oxygen conditions). The adsorption capacity depends on its physical and chemical properties, which is influenced by various factors such as raw material, particle size, pyrolysis temperature, temperature variation rate and temperature keeping time.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the straw of the wheat and brassica napus have grinded and after its drying, by using a furnace for 4 hours at 600 ° C, wheat and napus biochar have prepared. The treatments test included the control (soil), soil +wheat biochar 2% , soil +wheat biochar 4%, soil + Brassica napus biochar 2% , soil + Brassica napus biochar 4%. Columns with the height of 10 and 20 cm and a diameter of 160 mm have prepared, and a mixture of biochars (2% ,4%) and soil have poured into the soils columns. In order to leaching, before experiments, 10 pore volume of distilled water has poured into each of the columns.
In the first day, one pore volume of water, distilled water has poured into each of the columns. The second and third days one pore volume of nitrate solution at concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 mg/L, and on days 4, 5, 6, and 7 a distilled water pore volume have added to each columns. Then the solution was filtered using paper and the concentration of nitrate was measured with a spectrophotometer to determine the amount of leached and absorbed nitrate.
Results: The results showed that the addition of biochar to soil on both levels, especially the combinational biochar, caused a significant decrease in nitrate leaching relative to the control in all days. In general, nitrate leaching in biochar 4% less than control and biochar 2%. Also, at a height of 20 cm, the nitrate leaching rate decreased from the soil column.
Conclusion: Regarding the results, the use of untreated combination of brassica napus and wheat biochar resulted in lower nitrate leaching from the soil.
Conclusion: Regarding the results, the use of untreated combination of brassica napus and wheat biochar resulted in lower nitrate leaching from the soil. resulted in lower nitrate leaching from the soil.

Keywords


1.Adel, R., Usman, A., and Ahmad, M. 2016. Mohamed El-Mahrouky. Abdulrasoul Al-Omran. Yong Sik Ok. Abdelazeem Sh. Sallam. Ahmed H.
El-Naggar. Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. Chemically modified biochar produced from conocarpus waste increases NO3- Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Environ Geochem Health.
2.Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A.U., Lim, J.E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S.S., and Ok, Y.S. 2014. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere. 99: 19-23.
3.Atkinson, C.J., Fitzgerald, J.D., and Hipps, N.A. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils:a review. Plant Soil. 337: 1-18.
4.Beesley, L., Moreno-Jimenez, E.,Gomez-Eyles, J.L., Harris, E., Robinson, B., and Sizmur, T. 2011. A reviewof biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environ. Pollut. 159: 12. 3269-3282.
5.Bestai, B., Benderdouche, N., Benstaali, B., Belhakem, M., and Addou, A. 2008. Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plan. Bioresource Technology. 99: 17. 8441-8444.
6.Brown, R.A., Kercher, A.K., Nguyen, T.H., Nagle, D.C., and Ball, W.P. 2006. Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbents. Org. Geochem.37: 3. 321-333.
7.Chan, K.Y., and Xu, Z. 2009. Biochar: nutrient properties and their enhancement. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (Eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, Pp: 67-84.
8.Farasati, M., Seyedian, S.M., Boroomandnasab, S., Jaafarzadeh, N., Moazed, H., and Ghamarnia, H.2013. Batch and column studies on the evaluation of micrometer and nanometer Phragmites australis for nitrate removal. Desalination and Water Treatment,51: 3. 5863-5872.
9.Farzi, S., Farasati, M., Farhadi Bansouleh, B., and Pirsaheb, M.2018. Evaluation of batch and continuous adsorption kinetic models of cadmium from aqueous solutions usingsugarcane straw nano-structure absorbent. 115: 7. 135-144.
10.Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., and Zech,W. 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biol. Fert. Soils. 35: 4. 219-230.
11.Ghorbani, M., Asadi, H., and Abrishamkesh, S. 2014. Effect of RHC Biochar on Nitrate Leaching in Caly Soil. Soil Research. 29: 4. 201-300.
12.Lehmann, J., Rillig, M.C., Thies, J., Masiello, C.A., Hockaday, W.C., and Crowley, D. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota - a review. Soil Biol. Biochem. 43: 9. 1812-1836.
13.Li, Z., Katsumi, T., and Inui, T. 2011. Application of grass char for Cd (II) treatment in column leaching test. J. Hazard Mater. 185: 2-3. 768-775.
14.Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O’Neill, B., Skjemstad, J.O., Thies, J., Luizao, F.J., Petersen, J., and Neves, E.G. 2006. Black Carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70: 5. 1719-1730.
15.Miller, R.W., and Donahue, R.L. 1990. Soils, An introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Page 60. Sixth Edition. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 100: 2. 147p.
16.Pratiwi, E.P.A., and Shinogi, Y. 2016. Rice husk biochar application topaddy soil and its effects on soil physical properties, plant growthand methane emission. Paddy Water Environ. 14: 4. 1-12.
17.Seyedian, S.M., Farasati, M., Heshmatpoor, A., and Rasooli, A. 2014. Evaluation of Nitrate Dispersivity in Sandy Soil and Simulation by Hydrus2-D. Water Irrig. J. 6: 22. (In Persian)
18.Sika, M.P., and Hardie, A.G. 2014. Effect of pine wood biochar on ammonium nitrate leaching and availability in a South African sandy soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 65: 1. 113-119.
19.Sizmur, T., Fresno, T., Akgül, G.,Frost, H., and Moreno-Jiménez, E.2017. Biochar modification to enhance sorption of inorganics from water. Bioresour. Technol. 246: 34-47.
20.Sposito, G. 1989. The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University, New York. 27p.
21.Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Blum, W.E.H., and Zech, W. 2008. Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Science-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde. 171: 6. 893-899.
22.WHO. 2011. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.
23.Xu, N., Tan, G., Wang, H., and Gai, X. 2016. Effect of Biochar Additions to Soil on Nitrogen Leaching, Microbial Biomass and Bacterial Community Structure. Europ. J. Soil Biol. 74: 6. 1-8.
24.Yao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, M., Inyang, M., and Zimmerman, R. 2012. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium and phosphate in a sandy soil. Chemosphere 89: 11. 1467-1471.
25.Yuan, J., Xu, R., and Zhang, H.2011. The forms of alkalis in thebiochar produced from crop residuesat different temperatures. Bioresour. Technol. 102: 3. 3488-3497.
26.Zhang, A.P., Liu, R.L., Gao, J., Zhang, Q.W., Xiao, J.N., Chen, Z., Yang, S.Q., Hui, J.Z., and Yang, L.Z. 2015. Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Losses and Rice Yield in Anthropogenicalluvial Soil Irrigated with Yellow River Water. J. Agro-Environ. Sci. 11: 11. e0152061.