Accumulation and Numerical Modeling of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objective: Heavy metals contamination in the field of environment is considered as a global problem. In the pars special economic energy zone, as to the establishment of the gas variant industry, the probability of heavy metals from industrial activities on the territory of the region is high and has become a serious problem. Accession toxic metals through human activities may contaminate soil and as a result of the groundwater, so that the concentration of these elements in the soil and groundwater in many parts of the industrial exceeded or will exceed soon. Tracking a heavy metal in the soil is very difficult, time consuming and costly, Heavy metals in soil are able to penetrate into the earth deep and are groundwater severe contamination. The aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals using two criteria, enrichment factor and Geo Accumulation index in surface soil and modeling of metals movement such as zinc, copper, nickel and cadmium in the groundwater zone.
Materials and methods: In the first assessment, 10 stations and in the second 13 samples were taken from 0-5 cm of surface soil and the concentration of heavy metals in the first assessment using two criteria enrichment factors and indices Geo Accumulation and the second assessment by using complete analysis and biological availability was access. Then transport of zinc, copper, nickel and cadmium were modeled with seep/w and ctran/w.
Results: Results show that heavy metals such as, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Al, V, Ca and As are in the samples. The concentration maps of pollution were also prepared in the zone. The results indicate that the enrichment of Pb, Cd and Co in all samples was higher than the other elements, and Cu, Fe and Cr, indicate the lowest enrichment. Geo Accumulation Index in two elements of Pb and Ca in all samples and Co shows soil contamination in four samples.
Conclusion: The highest average of heavy metals in Asaluyeh soil is related to Mn, 1323/09 ppm, and the lowest of them is arsenic, 12/28 ppm, by complete analysis data. The biological availability of Mn, 48 ppm, is greater than the other elements and Ca, 0.09 ppm, is lower than the other elements. Transport modeling of four metals, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn shows that Cd movement towards the groundwater is more than other metals that 156 days to reach the desired level of groundwater at the site, copper movement is less than other metals.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 23, Issue 5
December 2017
Pages 67-86

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