The effects of broad and needle-leaved forest covers on soil microbial indices

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Abstract

Background and objectives: Knowdays, the increasing of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, methan and nitrous oxide, and also climate change phenomena is obvious for whole of peoples (17). Findings indicated that the changes of these gases are strongly effected by variability of soil carbon and nitrogen microbial indices (16). One of important approach for reduction of these gases and their effects is achievement to way for theirs storage and sequestration. About this, afforestation in bare lands is emphasized (31). Afforestation with different species (broad-leaved and needle-leaved) has various ecological effects (41). However, the role of afforestation regarding to reduction of climate change risks was not considered collectively through regulation of factors that control the most important greenhouse gases. In this way, Yadava (2012) pointed that the plantating of Acacia catechu and Dalbergia sisso increased significantly the soil microbial biomass compared with control plot, broad-leaved natural forest, after twenty six years (45). In addition, Wen, et al. (2014) in study on soil carbon and nitrogen microbial biomass, under Pinus massoniana pure and mixed stands, claimed that the soil microbial factors are sensitive to sepcies combination and stand age. Also, they found more values of carbon and nitrogen biomass imposed by pure stands (43). Present research was carried out for studying the effect of broad-leaved (alnus, ash, maple and oak) and needle-leaved (cupressus and pine) forest covers on variability of the controller parameters of the most important greenhouse gasess.
Materials and methods: Soil sampls were excavated in ten points from 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths, resulting 20 samples, for each forest covers located in Wood and Paper Company of Mazandaran. Soil bulk density, texture, moisture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial indices (microbial respiration, carbon and nitrogen microbial biomass, metabolic quotient) were measured and calculated at the laboratory.
Results: The results are indicating significant differences of soil physico-chemical characters imposed by different land covers. Greater amounts of soil microbial respiration (1.16 mg/g), carbon (334.68 mg/kg) and nitrogen (11.19 mg/kg) microbial biomass, carbon to nitrogen microbial biomass ratio (11.99) and metabolic quotient (3.64 μg CO2-C mg-1 MBC day-1) were found in pine forest, whereas the higher values of nitrogen microbial biomass (38.33 mg/kg) was recorded in Alnus forest stand.
Conclusion: The findings of this study is indicating that the soil quality and health must be considered for selection of tree species in afforestation programs regarding to the reduction effect of climate changes with improving microbial indices.

Keywords

References

1.Aghajani, L. 2009. Studying of herbal species diversity and understory regeneration in native and non-native afforestations (case study: Chi-bagh district of Gaemshahr). M.Sc. thesis
of Forestry, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences of Sari, 103p.
(In Persian)
2.Ali Asgharzad, N. 2010. Laboratory methods of soil biology. Tabriz University Publication, 522p. (In Persian)
3.Antunesa, S.C., Pereiraa, R., Sousab, J.P., Santosa, M.C., and Gonçalves, F. 2008. Spatial and temporal distribution of litter arthropods in different vegetation covers of PortoSanto Island (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal). Europ. J. Soil Biol. 44: 45-56.
4.Asadian, M., Hojjati, S.M., Pormajidian, M.R., and Fallah, A. 2013. The effect of different land uses on soil quality index in Alandan forests of Sari. Natural Geoghraphical Researches. 45: 65-76. (In Persian)
5.Bakhshipoor, R., Ramzanpoor, H., and Lashkar Bloky, A. 2012. Studying effect of pine and polplus afforestations on some of soil cahracters. Iran. J. For. 4: 321-332. (In Persian)
6.Beheshti Alagha, A., Raisi, F., and Golchin, A. 2010. Effect of land uses of soil biochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Water J. 25: 562-548. (In Persian)
7.Christiansen, J.R., Vesterdal, L., and Gumdersen, P. 2012. Nitrous oxide and methane exchange in two small temperate forest catchments-effects of hydrological gradients and implications for global warming potentials of forest soils. Biogeochemistry. 107: 437-454.
8.Dijkstra, F.A., West, J.B., Hobbie, S.E., and Reich, P.B. 2009. Antagonistic effects of species on C respiration and net N mineralization in soils from mixed coniferous plantation. Forest Ecology and Management. 257: 1112-1118.
9.Franzluebbers, K., Franzluebbers, A.J., and Jawson, M.D. 2002. Environmental controls on soil and whole-ecosystem respiration from a tallgrass prairie. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 66: 254-262.
10.Fukuzawa, K., Shibata, H., Takagi, K., Satoh, F., Koike, T., and Sasa, K. 2013. Temporal variation in fine-root biomass, production and mortality in a cool temperate forest covered with dense understory vegetation in northern Japan. Forest Ecology and Management.
310: 700-710.
11.Gamboa, A., and Galicia, L. 2012. Land-use/cover change effects and carbon controls on volcanic soil profiles in highland temperate forests. Geoderma. 170: 390-402.
12.Ghazanshahi, J. 2006. Soil and plant analysis. Hooma publication, 272p. (In Persian)
13.Gol, C. 2009. The effects of land use change on soil properties and organic carbon at Dagdami river catchment in Turkey. J. Environ. Biol. 30: 825-830.
14.Iqbal, J., Ronggui, H., Lijun, D., Lan, L., Shan, L., Tao, C., and Leilei, R. 2008. Differences in soil CO2 flux between different land use types in mid-subtropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 2324-2333.
15.Kara, O., and Bolat, I. 2007. The effect of different land uses on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Barton Province. Turk. J. Agric. For. 32: 281-288.
16.Kooch, Y., and Moghimian, N. 2015. The effect of forest degradation and land use changes on soil ecophysiology indices of carbon and nitrogen. Iran. J. For. 7: 243-256. (In Persian)
17.Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.M., Zaccone, C., Jalilvand, H., and Hojjati, S.M. 2012. Soil organic carbon sequestration as affected by afforestation: the Darab Kola forest (North of Iran) case study. J. Environ. Monitor. 14: 2438-2446. 
18.Kooch, Y., Mollaei Darabi, S., and Hosseini, S.M. 2015. The effects of pits and mounds following windthrow events on soil features and greenhouse gas fluxes in a temperate forest. Pedosphere. 25: 1-13.
19.Kooijman, A.M., and Smit, A. 2009. Paradoxical differences in N–dynamics between Luxembourg soils: litter quality or parent material? Europ. J. For. Res. 128: 555-565.
20.Liu, W., Xu, W., Han, Y., Wang, C., and Wan, S. 2007. Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography, burning, and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 44: 259-268.
21.Liu, W., Xu, W., Han, Y., Wang, C., and Wan, S. 2007. Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography, burning and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 44: 259-268.
22.Luan, J., Xiang, C., Liu, S.L.Z., Gong, Y., and Zhu, X. 2010. Assessments of the impacts of Chinese fir plantation and natural regenerated forest on soil organic matter quality at Longmen mountain, Sichuan, China. Geoderma. 156: 228-236.
23.Meyfroidt, P., Phuong, V.T., and Anh, H.V. 2013. Trajectories of deforestation, coffee expansion and displacement of shifting cultivation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Global Environmental Change. 23: 1187-1198.
24.Moldrup, P., Olsen, T., Komatsu, T., Schjønning, P., and Rolston, D.E. 2001. Tortuosity, diffusivity, and permeability in the soil liquid and gaseous phases. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J.
65: 613-623.
25.Moscatelli, M.C., Tizio, A.D., Marinari, S., and Grego, S. 2007. Microbial indicators related to soil carbon in Mediterranean land use systems. Soil and Tillage Research. 97: 51-59.
26.Norbakhsh, F., Moneral, C.M., Emtiazy, G., and Dinel, H. 2002. Asparagines activity in some soils of central Iran. Arid Land Management. 16: 377-384.
27.Norton, B.J., Sandor, J.A., and White, C.S. 2003. Hill slope soils and organic matter dynamics within native American agro ecosystem of the Colorado Plateau. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 67: 225-234.
28.Nunes, A., Figueiredo, A., and Almeida, A.C. 2012.The effects of farmland abandonment and plant succession on soil properties and erosion processes: a study case in central of Portugal. Revista de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, n.º 2 (Dezembro). Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território. Pág. 165 a 190.
29.Peng, Y., and Thomas, S.C. 2006. Soil CO2 efflux in uneven-aged managed forests: temporal patterns following harvest and effects of edaphic Heterogeneity. Plant and Soil. 289: 253-264.
30.Raiesi, F., and Asadi, E. 2006. Soil microbial activity and litter turnover in native grazed and ungrazed rangelands in a semiarid ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 43: 76-82.
31.Ross, D.J., Tate, K.R., Scott, N.A., Wilde, R.H., Rodda, N.J., and Townsend, J.A. 2002. Afforestation of pasturess with Pinus radiata influences soil carbon and nitrogen pools and mineralization and microbial properties. Austr. J. Soil Res. 40: 303-318.
32.Saiz, G., Byrne, K.A., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Kiese, R., Blujdea, V., and Farrell, E.P. 2006. Stand age-related effects on soil respiration in a first rotation Sitka spruce chronosequence in central Ireland. Global Change Biology. 12: 1007-1020.
33.Schwendenmann, L., Veldkamp, E., Brenes, T., O’Brien, J.J., and Mackensen, J. 2003. Spatial and temporal variation in soil CO2 effluxinanold-growth neotropical rain forest,
La Selva, Costa Rica. Biogeochemistry. 64: 111-128.
34.Singh, J.S., Singh, D.P., and Kashyap, A.K. 2009. A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralization of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India. Plant, Soil and Environt. 55: 223-230.
35.Sjogersten, S., van der Wal, R., and Woodin, S.J. 2006. Small-scale hydrological variation determines landscape CO2 fluxes in the high Arctic. Biogeochemistry. 80: 205-216.
36.Sotta, E.D., Veldkamp, E., Guimaraes, B.R., Paixao, R.K., Ruivo, M.L.P., and Almeida, S.S. 2006. Landscape and climatic controls on spatial and temporal variation in soil CO2 efflux
in an eastern Amazonian rainforest, Caxiuana, Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management.
237: 57-64.
37.Sun, G., and Lockaby, B.G. 2013. Water quantity and quality at the urban-rural interface.
In: Laband, D.N., Lockaby, B.G., Zipperer, W. (Eds.), Urban-Rural Interfaces: Linking People and Nature. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 165p.
38.Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, C., Carol, R., and Simmons, M.F. 2014. Prospects for forest-based ecosystem Services in forest-coffee mosaics as forest loss continues in southwestern Ethiopia. Applied Geography. 50: 144-151.
39.Tengberg, A., Fredhoima, S., Ellisona, I., Knez, I., Saltzmana, K., and Wetterberg, O. 2012. Cultural ecosystem Services provided by landscapes: assessment of heritage values and identity. Ecosystem Services. 2: 14-26.
40.Ullah, S., Frasier, R., King, L., Picotte-Anderson, N.P., and Moore, T.R. 2008. Potential fluxes of N2O and CH4 from soils of three forest types in Eastern Canada. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 986-994.
41.Vesterdal, L., Schmidt, I.K., Callesen, I., Nilsson, L.O., and Gundersen, P. 2008. Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 35-48.
42.Wang, W., Wei, X., Liao, W., Blanco, J.A., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., and Guo, S. 2013. Evaluation of the effects afforests management strategies on carbon sequestration in evergreen broad- leaved (Phoebe bournei) plantation forests using FORECAST ecosystem model. Forest Ecology and Management. 300: 21-32.
43.Wen, L., Lei, P., Xiang, W., Yan, W., and Liu, S. 2014. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in pure and mixed stands of Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora differing in stand age. Forest Ecology and Management. 328: 150-158.
44.Xu, M., and Qi, Y. 2001. Soil - surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Global Change Biology. 7: 667-677.
45.Yadava, R. 2012. Soil organic carbon and soil microbial biomass as affected by restoration measures after 26 years of restoration in mined areas of Doon Valley. Inter. J. Environ. Sci. 2: 1380-1385.
46.Yuan, Z.Y., Chen, F.S., Zeng, D.H., Zhao, Q., and Chen, G.S. 2008. Soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under pine plantations in Zhanggutai sandy soil. Pedosphere. 18: 775-784.
47.Yuksek, T. 2013. The restoration effect of blank locust (Robinia pseudoacasia L) plantation on surface soil properties and carbon sequestration on lower hill slopes in the semi-humid region of Crouch Drainage Basin in turkey. Catena. 90: 18-25.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 23, Issue 2
June 2016
Pages 195-210

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics