Variability of magnetic susceptibility and its correlation with selected heavy metals in atmospheric dust of Kerman

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Author

Abstract

Dust deposition causes great difficulties for humans in urban regions. The objective of this research was to assess the temporal and spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility (MS) of atmospheric dust deposited in Kerman. Samples were collected monthly from 35 different locations distributed over the urban area of Kerman for 7 months. Total concentrations of major heavy metals including Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Mn as well as the magnetic susceptibility of the samples were measured. The results showed that atmospheric deposits had the highest MS in November and the lowest one in July and August following the same trend as that of heavy metals Cu, Pb and Zn. The results also showed that the highest MS values were obtained for the dust samples from the west of Kerman where the concentration of Cu, Pb and Zn in dust was also high. Considering the role of human activities in increasing pollutants concentration in Kerman, proper management practices should be exercised to reduce air pollution resulting from various industries.

Keywords


1.Dankoub, Z., Khademi, H., and Ayoubi, S. 2012. Magnetic susceptibility and its relationship with the concentration of selected heavy metals and soil properties in surface soils of the Isfahan region. J. Environ. Stud. 38: 17-26. (In Persian)
2.Davila, A.F., Rey, D., Mohamed, K., Rubio, B., and Guerra, A.P. 2006. Mapping the sources of urban dust in a coastal environment by measuring magnetic parameters of Platanus hispanica leaves. Environmental Science & Technology. 40: 3922-3928.
3.Duzgoren-Aydin, N.S., Wong, C.S.C., Song, Z.G., Aydin, A., Li, X.D., and You, M. 2006. Fate of heavy metal contaminants in road and gully sediments in Guangzhou, SE China: A chemical and mineralogical assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 12: 374-389.
4.Gautam, P., Blaha, U., and Appel, E. 2005. Magnetic susceptibility of dust-loaded leaves as a proxy of traffic-related heavy metal pollution in Kathmandu city, Nepal. Atmospheric Environment. 39: 2201-2211.
5.Ghahroudi Talley, M. 2005. The Dissection of Three-Dimensional Geographic Information Systems. Jihad University Press. (In Persian)
6.Goddu, S.R., Appel, E., Jordanova, D., and Wehland, F. 2004. Magnetic properties of road dust from Visakhapatnam (India)-Relationship to industrial pollution and road traffic. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 29: 985-995.
7.Habashi, H., Hosseini, M., Shetabi, S., and Mohammadi, J. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of interpolation methods for the estimation of total nitrogen in soils using GIS. Third Conference on Geographic Information Systems, National Mapping Agency, Qeshm. (In Persian)
8.Hanesch, M., Scholger, R., and Rey, D. 2003. Mapping dust distribution around an industrial site by measuring magnetic parameters of tree leaves. Atmospheric Environment. 37: 5125-5133.
9.Hojati, S., Khademi, H., Cano, A.F., and Landi, A. 2012. Characteristics of dust deposited along a transect between Central Iran and the Zagros mountains. Catena. 88: 27-36.
10.Jiang, Q., Hu, X., Wei, J., Li, S., and Li, Y. 2010. Magnetic properties of urban topsoil in Baoshan district, Shanghai and its environmental implication. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.
11.Keramat, A., Marivani, B., and Samsam, M. 2011. Climatic change, drought and dust crisis in Iran. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 57: 10-13.
12.Kim, W., Doh, S.J., and Park, Y.H. 2007. Two-year magnetic monitoring in conjunction with geochemical and electron microscopic data of roadside dust in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Environment. 41: 7627-7641.
13.Kuitel, H., and Furman, T. 2003. Dust storms in the Middle East, source of origin and their temporal characteristics. Indoor and Built Environment. 12: 419-426.
14.Kukier, U., Ishak, C.F., Summer, M.E., and Miller, W.P. 2003. Composition and element solubility of magnetic and non-magnetic fly ash fraction. Environmental Pollution. 123: 255-266.
15.Lu, S.G., Bai, S.Q., and Fu, L.X. 2008. Magnetic properties as indicators of Cu and Zn contamination in soils. Pedosphere. 18: 479-485.
16.Lu, S.G., Bai, S.Q., and Xue, Q.F. 2007. Magnetic properties as indicators of heavy metals pollution in urban topsoils: A case study from the city of Luoyang, China. Geophysic. J. Inter. 171: 568-580.
17.Lu, S.G., Bai, S.Q., Cai, J.B., and Xu, C. 2005. Magnetic properties and metal contents of automobile emission particulates. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. 8: 731-735.
18.Maher, B.A. 2011. The magnetic properties of Quaternary aeolian dusts and sediments and their palaeoclimatic significance. Aeolian Research. 3: 87-144.
19.Mahmoodi, Z. 2012. Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties of Atmospheric Dust in Isfahan. M.Sc. Thesis in Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology.(In Persian)
20.Meza-Figueroa, D., O-Villanueva, M.D., and Parra, M.L.D. 2007. Heavy metal distribution in dust from elementary schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Atmospheric Environment. 41: 276-288.
21.Mullins, C.E. 1997. Magnetic susceptibility of the soil and its significance in soil science-A review. J. Soil Sci. 28: 223-246.
22.Peters, C., and Dekkers, M.J. 2003. Selected room temperature magnetic parameters as a function of mineralogy, concentration and grain size. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 28: 659-667.
23.Qian, P., Zheng, X., Zhou, L., Jiang, Q., Zhang, G., and Yang, J. 2011. Magnetic properties as indicator of heavy metal contaminations in roadside soil and dust along G312 highways. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 10: 1370-1375.
24.Qingsheng, L., Qingi, Z., Yang, T., Ning, Q., and Lungsang, C. 2009. Magnetic properties of street dust from Chibi city, Hubei Province, China, Its implications for urban environment. J. Earth Sci. 20: 848-857.
25.Rodriguez Martin, J.A., Lopez Arias, M., and Grau Corbi, J.M. 2006. Heavy metal contents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro Basin (Spain), Application of the multivariate geostatistical methods to study spatial variations. Environmental Pollution. 144: 1001-1012.
26.Salmanzadeh, M., Saeedi, M., and Nabi Bidhendi, G. 2012. Heavy metals pollution in street dusts of Tehran and their ecological risk assessment. J. Environ. Stud. 38: 1. 9-18. (In Persian)
27.Sezgin, N., Ozcan, H.K., Demir, G., Nemlioglu, S., and Bayat, C. 2003. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway. Environment International. 29: 979-985.
28.Shah, M.H., and Shaheen, N. 2008. Annual and seasonal variations of trace metals in atmospheric suspended particulate matter in Islamabad, Pakistan. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 190: 13-25.
29.Sow, M., Goosens, D., and Rajot, J. 2006. Calibration of the MDCO dust collector and of four versions of the inverted frisbee dust deposition sampler. Geomorphology. 82: 360-375.
30.Tong, S.T.Y., and Lam, K.C. 2000. Home sweet home? A case study of household dust contamination in Hong Kong. Science of the Total Environment. 256: 115-123.
31.Verma, S.K., Deb, M.K., Suzuki, Y., and Tsai, Y.I. 2010. Ion chemistry and source identification of coarse and fine aerosols in an urban area of eastern Central India. Atmospheric Research. 95: 65-76.
32.Wang, G., Oldfield, F., Xia, D., Chen, F., Liu, X., and Zhang, W. 2012. Magnetic properties and correlation with heavy metals in urban street dust: A case study from the city of Lanzhou, China. Atmospheric Environment. 46: 289-298.
33.Wang, G., Xia, D.S., Liu, X.M., Chen, F.H., Yu, Y., Yang, L.P., Chen, J.H., and Zhou, A.F. 2008. Spatial and temporal variation in magnetic properties of street dust in Lanzhou city, China. Chinese Science Bulletin. 53: 1913-1923.
34.Ware, C., Knight, W., and Wells, D. 1991. Memory intensive algorithms for multibeam bathymetric data. Computers & Geosciences. 17: 985-993.
35.Wei, B., Jiang, F., Li, X., and Mu, S. 2009. Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi, NW China. Microchem. J. 93: 147-152.
36.Yang, T., Zeng, Q., Liu, Z., and Liu, Q. 2011. Magnetic properties of the road dusts from two parks in Wuhan city, China: Implications for mapping urban environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177: 637-648.
37.Yang, X., Zhu, B., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Wang, X., Yin, J., and Lu, Y. 2008. Late Quaternary environmental changes and organic carbon density in the Hunshandake sandy land, eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Global and Planetary Change. 61: 70-78.