تأثیرقارچ های میکوریزا بر گیاه پالایی سرب و کادمیم توسط گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی ( Thymus daenensis Celak.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل

2 عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده کشاورزی-پژوهشگاه دانشگاه زابل

3 عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده کشاورزی پژوهشگاه دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین یکی از مشکلات زیست محیطی عمده در جوامع بشری است و با انتقال این عناصر سمی از طریق تولیدات گیاهی به انسان، سلامتی افراد جامعه به خطر می افتد. یکی از روش های نوین و کم هزینه برای پالایش خاک‌های آلوده، استفاده از گیاهان میباشد. گیاه پالایی یک تکنولوژی در حال ظهور است که با بهره گیری از گیاهان و سپس ریزجانداران موجود در ریزوسفر برای حذف کردن، تغییر دادن یا محدود کردن مواد شیمیایی سمی در خاک، رسوبات، آبهای زیرزمینی، آبهای سطحی و حتی اتمسفر استفاده می شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی توانایی پالایش خاک از عناصر سرب و کادمیم توسط گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی با حضور قارچ مایکوریزا بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در شرایط گلخانه ای به صورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: فلز سنگین شامل چهار سطح: سرب(100میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم)، کادمیم(15میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم خاک)، کاربرد همزمان کادمیم + سرب و شاهد(صفر) و تیمار قارچی ( در پنج سطح: G. intraradices، G. Mosseae،G . fasciculatum ، کاربرد همزمان هر سه گونه و شاهد- عدم تلقیح- ) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی و در 3 تکرار انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد قارچهای میکوریزا اثر معناداری بر غلظت سرب و کادمیم در شاخساره و ریشه گیاه آویشن دنایی داشتند. طبق نتایج این پژوهش در خاک آلوده به کادمیم(سطح 15 میلیگرم کادمیم بر کیلوگرم خاک)، بیشترین غلظت کادمیم در شاخساره گیاه (62/1 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه) در بستر آلوده به کادمیم و همزیست با G.mosseae و در ریشه(56/1 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه) در تیمار G. fassiculatum بدست آمد. در خاک آلوده به سرب(سطح 100 میلیگرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک)، بیشترین غلظت سرب در ریشه گیاه(103/9 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه) در تیمار G. fassiculatum بدست آمد و در شاخساره(36/6 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه)، در تیمار G. fassiculatum حاصل شد .
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان دهنده توانایی زیاد گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی برای جذب فلزات سنگین از خاک‌های آلوده است. تجمع بیشتر سرب در ریشه آویشن دنایی نسبت به شاخساره از یافته های دیگر این پژوهش بود. بر اساس نتایج، این گیاه قادر است مقادیر قابل توجهی از سرب و کادمیم بستر را جذب نموده و در ریشه تجمع دهد یا به شاخساره انتقال دهد و با دارا بودن این مکانیسم برای گیاه جذبی کادمیم و سرب در فناوری گیاه پالایی مناسب میباشد. مصرف قارچهای میکوریزا به ویژه G. fassiculatum و G.mosseae نیز می تواند کارآیی گیاه پالایی خاک آلوده به کادمیم و سرب را بهبود بخشد.
واژه‌های کلیدی: گیاه پالایی، کادمیم، سرب، قارچ میکوریزا

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of AFM Fungi on Lead and Cadmium Phytoremediation by Thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zaynab Mohkami 1
  • Fatemeh Bidarnamani 2
  • Mohamad Forouzandeh 3
  • Zahra Ghafari Moghadam 2
1 University of Zabol
2 Faculty members, Institute of Agriculture, University of Zabol.
3 Faculty members, Institute of Agriculture, University of Zabol.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of medicinal plants for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils is an economical, cheap and effective strategy. The widespread transfer of natural materials and pollutants to different parts of the environment (soil, water and atmosphere) has imposed great pressure on the self-purification ability of the soil. Accumulation of pollutants is a concern regarding both humans and ecosystems. Among pollutants, heavy metals are particularly important because they are not decomposable and also have harmful physiological effects on organisms even at low concentrations. Soil pollution with heavy metals in human societies is one of the major environmental problems and the transfer of these elements via crop production to men affecting human population health. One of the modern and low cost methods for remediation of contaminated soils, is the use of plants. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology which utilizes plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere to delete, modify or limit the toxic chemicals in soil, sediment, groundwater, surface water and even used the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability Thymus daenensis Celak. symbiotic with mycorrhizal fungi in polluted soils of Lead and Cadmium was by herb with.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a factorial exam in the greenhouse conditions. The first factor was four levels of heavy metals: lead (100 mg kg), cadmium (15 mg. Kg soil), concurrent use of lead and cadmium + control (zero) and the second factor was fungal treatments (at five levels: G. intraradices, G. Mosseae, G. fasciculatum, the simultaneous use of all three species and control-non inoculated -) in a randomized complete block design in three replications.
Results: Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of mycorrhizal fungi on Pb and Cd concentration in shoots and roots of thyme. The highest cadmium concentration in polluted soil was observed in Shoot(62/1 mg.Kg DW) inoculated with G.mosseae and root (56/1 mg kg dry weight) ) inoculated with G. fassiculatum respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed a high ability of Thymus daenensis Celak. to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soils. Other findings of this study was more accumulation of lead in root than shoot. Based on the results, this plant is able to absorb significant amounts of lead and cadmium of bed and accumulate in roots or transfer to shoots. Mycorrhizal fungi especially G.mosseae and G. fassiculatum can improve the Cd and Pb phytoremediation of contaminated soils.

Keywords: Mycorrhizal fungi, Cadmium, Lead, medicinal plants , Phytoremediation

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mycorrhizal fungi
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Medicinal plants
  • Phytoremediation

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 25، شماره 4
مهر و آبان 1397
صفحه 225-242

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