تاثیر فاضلاب بر انتقال فلزات سنگین و ترکیبات شیمیایی در ستون خاک با پوشش ریحان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آب دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

2 دانشجوی دکتری

3 هیت علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به کارگیری فاضلاب در بخش کشاورزی هر چند با مزایای زیادی توأم است، اما به دلیل اینکه این گونه آب‌ها، حاوی میکروارگانیزم‌های بیماری‌زا و در برخی از شرایط فلزات سنگین و یا ترکیبات آلی و معدنی مضر دیگری می‌باشند، می-توانند اثرات زیست محیطی بسیار نامطلوبی مانند آلودگی منابع آب (به ویژه آب‌های زیرزمینی)، خاک و گیاه را به بار آورند لذا تلاش برای دستیابی به نحوه دفع مناسب فاضلاب در محیط زیست ضروری است. بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق، تاثیر نوع فاضلاب بر انتقال فلزات سنگین و ترکیبات شیمیایی در یک ستون خاک با پوشش گیاه ریحان می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار آبیاری و سه تکرار در شرایط لایسیمتری انجام گرفت. تیمارهای بکار برده شده شامل فاضلاب خام (1W)، پساب تصفیه شده (2W) و ترکیب 50 درصد فاضلاب خام و آب معمولی (3W) بودند. برای اجرای طرح از نه عدد لایسیمتر حجمی (126 ×30 ×30 سانتیمتر) که دارای سه لایه خاک بودند، استفاده شد. تغییرات بافت خاک از قسمت فوقانی به سمت پایین به ترتیب رسی، لوم رسی و لوم رسی شنی بود. پس از طراحی و آماده‌سازی لایسیمترها، گیاه ریحان در آنها کشت و در پایان هر دوره آبیاری، میزان فلزات سرب، نیکل، مس، روی و همچنین میزان ترکیبات شیمیایی نیتروژن- نیتراتی، فسفر- فسفاتی و پتاسیم در تیمارهای مختلف محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر آن است که ستون‌های خاک (تحت شرایط کشت گیاه ریحان) مورد استفاده توانایی خوبی در نگهداری نیکل، سرب، روی، مس، نیتروژن- نیتراتی، فسفر- فسفاتی و پتاسیم موجود در فاضلاب را دارد. به طوری که میانگین مقدار تمام پارامترهای فوق همواره کمتر از میانگین مقدار آن‌ها در فاضلاب‌های ورودی به لایسیمتر است .اگر چه با استمرار کاربرد فاضلاب مقادیر نیکل، سرب، روی، مس، نیتروژن- نیتراتی، فسفر- فسفاتی و پتاسیم موجود در آب‌های مصرفی رو به فزونی نهاد اما میزان این پارامترها بسیار پایینتر از حدود مجاز ارائه شده می‌باشد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که نوع آب آبیاری بر میزان تمام پارامترهای فوق (بجز نیکل و سرب) اثر معنی‌دار داشت. از لحاظ بزرگی و معنی‌داری، الگوی روی، پتاسیم، نیتروژن‌ نیتراتی و فسفر- فسفاتی به صورت 3W =2W نتیجه گیری: با توجه به روند صعودی فلزات سنگین و همچنین نیترات موجود در زه‌آب، باید دقت ویژه‌ای در استفاده از فاضلاب به ویژه فاضلاب خام مبذول گردد، زیرا با گذشت زمان و تجزیه مواد آلی، این عناصر می‌توانند وارد آب‌های زیرزمینی شده و برای انسان و محیط زیست خطرآفرین باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of wastewater on transfer heavy metals and chemical compounds in soil column under basil

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Although using of wastewater in agriculture have advantages, but these waters may be contain pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals or other harmful organic and inorganic compounds. Therefore this elements can be undesirable environmental impacts such as pollution water sources (especially groundwater), soil and plants. Therefore efforts for obtain proper disposal of wastewater in the environment is essential. Therefore the purpose of this study is investigate the effect of wastewater on transfer of heavy metals and chemical compounds in soil column under basil cultivation
Materials and methods: This study was conducted based on a completely randomized designed with three treatment watering and triplicates under lysimeter condition. The applied treatments consisted of watering included raw wastewater (W1), treated wastewater (W2) and a composition of 50% raw wastewater and 50% fresh water (W3). For this purpose, 9 cubic (30 cm × 30 cm × 126 cm) metal lysimeters containing a three-layer soil were used. The soil texture from top to bottom of lysimeters were clay, clay loam and 40 cm sandy loam, respectively. After lysimeters preparing, basil was planted in the lysimeter. Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nitrate, phosphate and potassium concentration in leachate were measured after each watering.
Results: The results indicate that soil columns (under basil cultivation) ability to keep Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nitrate, phosphate and potassium concentration in wastewater. So Mean values of each of the above mentioned parameters were lower in the leachate compared to the wastewaters entering the lysimeter. Although during the use of wastewater, amounts of Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nitrate, phosphate and potassium concentration in drainage increased but the value of this parameter is below the limits. The results showed the effect of type watering on mean values of all parameters (exception of Pb and Ni) was significantly. In terms of magnitude and significant, pattern of Zn, potassium, nitrate and phosphate were W3 =W2 Conclusion: According to the upward trend of heavy metals and nitrates in leachate, special care must be taken in using of wastewater (especially in raw wastewater). Because in future, with decomposition of organic matter, these elements can enter in groundwater and environment and be dangerous to humans

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • raw wastewater
  • Treated wastewater
  • Lysimeters
  • Heavy metals

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 23، شماره 5
آذر 1395
صفحه 1-23

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