Effect of Conjunctive Wastewater Regimes on Irrigation of Quinoa

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Water Engineering Department, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, Iran.

2 ​Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad, Iran, PO BOX 9177948974

3 ​Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment​, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad​, Mashhad, Iran, PO BOX 9177948974

Abstract

Background and Objectives :
Increasing population growth along with the freshwater resources global crisis necessitates the use of unconventional water resources in agriculture, as the largest fresh water consumer, especially in the arid and semiarid areas. Since the agriculture field is the main water consumer, using the approaches to increase water use efficiency is necessary. Due to the limited freshwater, farmers have to use exotic water, such as treated urban wastewater.
Materials and Methods :
An investigation was done to evaluate effects of different regimes of urban wastewater on performance and yield components of Quinoa plant (cv. Titicaca), at Research Greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2017-2018. The research was based on completely randomized design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions and in pots. Five applied treatments were urban fresh water, urban wastewater, alternate wastewater and fresh water, mixture of 50-50 wastewater and freshwater, and subterranean irrigation with urban wastewater. Physical and chemical properties of irrigation water and of soil were determined before experiment. The obtained data analyzed using statistical software of SAS ( Ver. 9.0 ) and the means were compared using LSD test at 5 % percent levels.
Results:
The results show that the treatments were significant on number of leaves, shoot fresh weight , plant height , SPAD index , and leaf area was significant at 1 percent level ( P < 0.01 ), but on number of branches, shoot dry weight and stem diameter at 5 percent level ( P < 0.05 ). The research shows effects of using urban refined wastewater on an increase in all traits.
Conclusion : The treatments of urban wastewater, alternate, mixture of 50 - 50 and subterranean irrigation resulted in an increase of 62.5 %, 37.5 %, 58.3 % and 93.1 % of total yield, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the experiment show that the use of refined sewage water for irrigation of Quinoa crop can increase the yield of Quinoa, decrease the cost of supplying and using fertilizers, and then save the environment.
Conclusion : The treatments of urban wastewater, alternate, mixture of 50 - 50 and subterranean irrigation resulted in an increase of 62.5 %, 37.5 %, 58.3 % and 93.1 % of total yield, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the experiment show that the use of refined sewage water for irrigation of Quinoa crop can increase the yield of Quinoa, decrease the cost of supplying and using fertilizers, and then save the environment.


Keywords: Fresh Water, Wastewater, Alternate, Mixture, Subterranean Irrigation, Unconventional Water

Keywords

References

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Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Volume 27, Issue 1
March and April 2020
Pages 181-195

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