Adsorption of Cadmium from synthetic wastewater using modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 b. Assistant Professor of the Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Environment and Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.

2 a. M.Sc. of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Environment and Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heavy metals such as cadmium causing numerous adverse effects on the aqueous solutions. So the presence of heavy metals in surface water and ground water has become a major inorganic contamination problem. There are several method to remove the heavy metals from aqueous solutions that adsorption is one of the best method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Silicon dioxide nanoparticles modified by 2-aminopyridin and EDTA as adsorbent for the removal of Cd2 + ions from aqueous solutions.
Material and Methods: Silicon dioxide nanoparticles with toluene put in ultrasonic bath. Then mixture of 2-aminopyridin and EDTA with ratio of 1:1 added to primary solution. After 24 hours reflux on oil bath and 10 minutes centrifuging, sample rinsed by chloroform, ethanol and deionized water. In the end, the product prepared after drying at 100 o C for 24 hours. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of solution pH, temperature, contact time, absorbent amount and initial metal concentration. Experiment conducted in bath system with three replicate. The test solutions of various concentrations were prepared from the stock solution. The solution pH was adjust using 0.1 M HNO3 and 0.1 M NaOH at the beginning of the experiment and not controlled afterwards. Solution containing adsorbate and adsorbent was taken in 250 mL capacity conical flask and agitated at 120 rpm in a shaker at predetermined time intervals. Samples putted on the centrifuge with 4000 rpm for 5 minutes .Lead ions were determined spectrophotometrically by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Finally for determination of adsorption mechanism, adsorption isotherm models and kinetic models were studied .Results was analyzed by Excel software.
Results: The Results showed that, the highest uptake and optimum conditions was observed in pH=4, contact time 35 minutes and temperature 25℃. The Analysis of Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.93) and Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.94) show that, experimental data were fitting match by both isotherm but it is more fitting match with Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic studies showed that, kinetic of adsorption according to pseudo second order equation (R2=0.99).
Conclusion: Base on the results it can conclude that, modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles could be used as a best adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions especially for the industrial wastewaters because of the cost, easy to use, renewable, suitable and environmental friendly. Comparing with other similar studies these were found to be the excellent adsorbents and can be successfully used by Industries for heavy metal removal.

Keywords


 1.Ayar, A., Gürsal, S., Gürten, A., and Gezici, O. 2008. On the removal of some phenoli
compounds from aqueous solutions by using a sporopollenin-based ligand-exchange fixed
bed -Isotherm analysis. J. Des. 219: 160-170.
2.Bedelean, H., Maicaneanu, A., Burca, S., and Stanca, M. 2009. Removal of heavy metal ions
from wastewaters using natural clays. J. Clay Miner. 44: 487-495.
3.Bhattacharyya, K.G., and Gupta, S.S. 2006. Adsorption of chromium (VI) from water by
clays. Ind. Eng.Chem. Res. 45: 7232-7240.
4.Cheng, Z., Tan, A., Tao, Y., Shan, D., Ting, K.E., and Yin, X.J. 2012. Synthesis and
characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles and applications in the removal of heavy metals
from industrial wastewater. Inter. J. Photoener. Pp: 1-5.
5.Deliyanni, E.A., Peleka, E.N., and Matis, K.A. 2009. Modeling the sorption of metal ions
from aqueous solution by iron-based adsorbents. J. Hazard. Mater. 172: 550-558.
6.Fahad Abdulaziz Al-Khaldi, I., Abusharkh, B., Khaled, M., Ali Atieh, M., Nasser, M.S.,
Laoui, I., Saleh, T., Agarwal, S., Tyagi, I., and Gupta, V. 2015. Adsorptive removal of
cadmium (II) ions from liquid phase using acid modified carbon-based adsorbents.
J. Mol. Liq. 204: 255-263.
7.Feng, L., Cao, M., Ma, X., Zhu, Y., and Hu, C. 2012. Superparamagnetic high-surface-area
Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal. J. Hazard. Mater. 217: 439-46.
8.Ghorbani, F., and Younesi, H. 2008. Biosorption of cadmium (II) ions by Saccharomyces
Cerevisiae biomass from aqueous solutions. J. Water Wastewater. 68: 33-39. (In Persian)
9.Gupta, S.S., and Bhattacharyya, K.G. 2008. Immobilization of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions
on kaolinite and montmorillonite surfaces from aqueous medium. J. Environ. Manage.
87: 46-58.
10.Gupta, V.K., and Nayak, A. 2012. Cadmium removal and recovery from aqueous solutions
by novel adsorbents prepared from orange peel and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, Chem. Engin. J.
180: 81-90.
11.Heidari, A., Younesi, H., and Mehraban, Z. 2009. Removal of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions
in an aqueous solution by chemically modified nanoporous MCM-41. J. Water Wastewater.
73: 25-33. (In Persian)
12.Heidari, A., Younesi, H., and Mehraban, Z. 2009. Removal of Ni (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II)
from a ternary aqueous solution by amino functionalized mesoporous and nano mesoporous
silica. Chem. Engin. J. 153: 1. 70-79.
13.Hua, M., Zhang, S., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Lv, L., and Zhang, Q. 2012. Heavy metal removal
from water/wastewater by nanosized metal oxides: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 211: 317-31.
14.Huang, C., and Hu, B. 2008. Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with
γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane for fast and selective solid phase extraction of trace
amounts of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in environmental and biological samples prior to their
determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part
B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 63: 3. 437-44.
15.Jal, P.K., Patel, S., and Mishra, B.K. 2004. Chemical modification of silica surface
by immobilization of functional groups for extractive concentration of metal ions. Talanta.
62: 1005-1028.
16.Jamil, M., Zia, M.S., and Qasim, M. 2010. Contamination of agro-ecosystem and human
health hazards from wastewater used for irrigation. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 32: 370-378.
17.Karimi Takanlou, L., Farzadkia, M., Mahvi, A., Esrafili, A., and Golshan, M. 2014.
Assessment of cadmium ions adsorption process of wastewater magnetic iron nanoparticles
synthesized. J. Environ. Health. 7: 2. 171-184.
18.Laurent, S., Forge, D., Port, M., Roch, A., Robic, C., and Vander Elst, L. 2008. Magnetic iron
oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations
and biological applications. Chemical Reviews. 108: 6. 2064-110.
19.Li, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., and Wang, J. 2012. Adsorption-desorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II)
on Camontmorillonite. J. Ind. Engin. Chem. Res. 51: 6520-6528.
20.Mahmoud, M.E., Yakout, A.A., Abdel-Aal, H., and Osman, M.M. 2011. Enhanced
biosorptive removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by silicon dioxide nano-powder,
heat inactivated and immobilized Aspergillus ustus. Desalination. 279: 291-297.
21.Motamedi, F., Moazed, H., Jafarzadeh haghighifard, N., and Amiri, M. 2015. Kinetics
and adsorption isotherms Investigated of cadmium from aqueous solutions by nano-clays. J.
Water Wastewater. 25: 3. 118-126. (In Persian)
22.Najafi, M., Yousefi, Y., and Rafati, A. 2012. Synthesis, 13- characterization and adsorption
studies of several heavy metal ions on amino-functionalized silica nano hollow sphere and
silica gel. Separation and Purification Technology. 85: 193-205.
23.Nassar, N.N. 2012. Kinetics, equilibrium and 26- thermodynamic studies on the adsorptive
removal of nickel, cadmium and cobalt from wastewater by superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoadsorbents. Can. J. Chem. Engin. 90: 5. 1231-38.
24.Peng, S.H., Wang, W.X., Li, X.D., and Yen, Y.F. 2004. Metal partitioning in river sediments
measured by sequential extraction and biomimetic approaches. Chemosphere. 57: 839-851.
25.Pérez, E., Ayele, L., Getachew, G., Fetter, G., Bosch, P., Mayoral, A., and Díaz, I. 2015.
Removal of chromium (VI) using nano-hydrotalcite/SiO2 composite. J. Environm. Chem.
Engin. 3: 3. 1555-1561.
26.Ranandeh Kalankesh, L., Alikhani, S., Mansuri, F., and Malakutian, M. 2015. Removing
chromium from industrial wastewater using nano-particle silicon. J. Water Wastewater.
26: 1. 27-36. (In Persian)
27.Rathinam, A., Maharshi, B., Janardhanan, S.K., Jonnalagadda, R.R., and Nair, B.U. 2010.
Biosorption of cadmium metal ion from simulated wastewaters using Hypneavalentiae
biomass: A kinetic and thermodynamic study. Bioresource. Technol. 101: 5. 1466-1470.
28.Wang, X.S., Ren, J.J., Lu, H.J., Zhu, L., Liu, F., and Zhang, QQ. 2010. Removal of Ni (II)
from Aqueous Solutions by Nanoscale Magnetite. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water. 38: 12. 1131-36.
29.Zavar Musavi, S.H., and Lotfi, Z. 2013. Removal of nickel and cadmium from aqueous
solution by magnetic nanoparticles modified. J. Water Wastewater. 26: 1. 2-11. (In Persian)
30.Zavvar Mousavi, S.H., Fazli, M., and Rahmani, A. 2011. Removal of cadmium from
aqueous solution by nano structured Alumina. J. Water Wastewater. 80: 9-20. (In Persian)
31.Zhang, H., Tong, Zh., Wei, T., and Tang, Y. 2011. Removal characteristics of Zn (II) from
aqueous solution by alkaline Ca-bentonite. Desalination. 276: 103-108.
32.Zhao, G., Wu, X., Tan, X., and Wang, X. 2011. Sorption of 3- heavy metal ions from
aqueous solutions: A review. Open Coll. Sci. J. 4: 19-31.