شبیه سازی تأثیر تغییرات مکانی باد بر تبخیر با مدل تلفیقی CE-QUAL-W2 و نسبت بون

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه هیدرولوژی و منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه هیدرولوژی و منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی‌شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: باد به‌عنوان یکی از مؤثرترین عوامل بر تبخیر از سطوح منابع آبی، نظیر مخازن سدها، نقش بسزایی در مقدار برآورد حجم تلفات ناشی از تبخیر و درنتیجه حفاظت از منابع آب دارد. این در حالی است که در اغلب روش‌های برآورد تبخیر نظیر روابط تجربی، تشت تبخیر و حتی روش‌های نوین نظیر استفاده از سنجنده‌های ماهواره‌ای، عامل باد، ثابت در نظر گرفته می‌شود. پارامتر باد، تحت تأثیر ارتفاعات مشرف بر دریاچه و سطوح آبی، دارای توزیع مکانی می‌باشد. از سویی دیگر، شبیه‌سازی تغییرات مکانی باد و بررسی تأثیر آن بر تبخیر، به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل چرخه آب، به‌واسطه پیچیده بودن روابط حاکم بر آن، زمان‌بر و دشوار است. عدم اعمال تغییرات مکانی باد، سبب کاهش دقت در برآورد تبخیر و درنتیجه عدم دسترسی به مقدار دقیق تلفات ناشی از آن خواهد شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور محاسبه هر چه دقیق‌تر تلفات ناشی از تبخیر از مخزن سد دز واقع در استان خوزستان و در جنوب غرب ایران، با در نظر گرفتن اثر تغییرات مکانی باد، از تلفیق مدل CE-QUAL-W2 و روش بودجه انرژی نسبت بون (BREB) استفاده گردید. ضریب تأثیر باد (WSC) به‌عنوان یکی از پارامترهای ورودی به مدل CE-QUAL-W2، این امکان را برای مدل به وجود می‌آورد که وضعیت بادپناهی در بخش‌های مختلف پیکره‌های آبی را متفاوت در نظر بگیرد. با این حال، به دلیل عدم دسترسی به یک معیار مناسب برای نشان دادن وضعیت بادپناهی در نقاط مختلف مخازن، پیش از این، مقدار WSC در تمام یا بخش‌های وسیعی از آب ثابت و بدون تغییر در نظر گرفته می‌شد. در تحقیق حاضر، از قابلیت مدل CE-QUAL-W2 در تقسیم مخزن به بخش‌های کوچکتر و توانایی شاخص بادپناهی (Sx) در تعیین وضعیت بادپناهی یا بادروبی در هر بخش استفاده و امکان تخصیص مقادیر متفاوت WSC در هر یک از بخش‌های دریاچه ایجاد گردید. بدین ترتیب، پروفیل‌های حرارتی در هر یک از این بخش‌ها، تحت تأثیر دو حالت ثابت و متغیر بودن باد (ثابت و متغیر در نظر گرفتن WSC)، استخراج و به منظور محاسبه تبخیر وارد روش بودجه انرژی نسبت بون (BREB) گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، اعمال تغییرات مکانی باد در سطح دریاچه، در مقایسه با حالتی که این تغییرات در نظر گرفته نشده است، ضمن بهبود عملکرد مدل CE-QUAL-W2 در مرحله کالیبراسیون دمایی، به میزان 45 درصد، سبب افزایش 13 درصدی تبخیر ماهانه برآورده شده از سطح دریاچه گردیده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: تحقیق حاضر، ضمن معرفی و ارائه روشی مدون برای شبیه‌سازی تغییرات مکانی باد روی سطوح آبی، توانست از طریق مقایسه دو حالت با و بدون اعمال تغییرات مکانی باد، در بخش‌های مختلف سطح دریاچه سد مورد مطالعه، اثر کمی باد بر تبخیر و درنتیجه تلفات از دریاچه را برآورد و ارئه نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulating the effect of spatial wind changes on evaporation with CE-QUAL-W2 integrated model and Bowen ratio

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Shahi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Shrifi 2
  • Mohammad Zakermoshfegh 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 . Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The wind, as one of the most effective factors on evaporation from the surface of water sources, such as reservoirs of dams, plays a significant role in estimating the volume of losses due to evaporation and thus protecting water resources. However, in most evaporation estimation methods, such as experimental relationships, evaporation pans, and even new methods such as the use of satellite images, wind is considered as a constant parameter. The wind parameter has a spatial distribution under the influence of the elevations overlooking the lake and water levels. On the other hand, simulating the spatial changes of the wind and investigating its effect on evaporation, as one of the factors affecting the water cycle, is time-consuming and difficult due to the complexity of the calculations. Failure to apply wind location changes will reduce the accuracy of the calculated evaporation and as a result, it will be difficult to access the exact amount of evaporation losses.
Materials and methods: In this study, to calculate the effect of spatial changes of wind on evaporation losses from the Dez Dam reservoir located in Khuzestan province and the southwest of Iran, the combination of the CE-QUAL-W2 model and Bowen Ratio Energy Budget (BREB) method was used. The wind shelter coefficient (WSC) as one of the input parameters to the CE-QUAL-W2 model, makes it possible for the model to consider the wind shelter condition in different segments of water bodies differently. However, due to the lack of access to a suitable criterion to show the wind shelter condition in different segments, before this research, the value of WSC was considered constant in all or large parts of the water body. In this study, CE-QUAL-W2 model capability was used for reservoir segmentation, and wind shelter condition was determined in each segment, using the wind shelter index (Sx). Therefore, it was possible to assign different WSC values in each segment. In this way, the thermal profiles in each of these segments, under the influence of two conditions of constant and variable wind (constant and variable WSC), were extracted and entered into the BREB method to calculate evaporation.
Results: The results showed that the application of spatial wind changes compared to constant wind conditions, improved the performance of the CE-QUAL-W2 model by 45% in the temperature calibration stage. Also, the monthly evaporation from the lake increased by 13%.
Conclusion: This study, introduced a standardized method for simulating the effect of spatial wind changes on evaporation from water surfaces. So that, it was possible to quantify the effect of wind on evaporation and as a result water losses from the lake, by comparing two conditions of variable and constant wind, in different segments of the studied lake.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wind
  • Wind Shelter (Sx)
  • Evaporation
  • Ratio Energy Budget Method (BREB)
  • CE-QUAL-W2 Model

مراجع

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 133-152

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