ارزیابی پایلوت کاهش TPH درپالایش خاک آلوده گازوئیلی با اصلاحگر کربن فعال

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در کشور نفت‌خیز ایران آلودگی خاک با ترکیبات نفتی از عوامل بسیارمهم آلودگی است. گازوئیل که یکی از محصولات عمده نفت خام است و خود منبع عمده آلودگی محیط زیست به شمار می رود. در حال حاضر نیازی مبرم در جهت جلـوگیری از گسترش، نشر و پخش آلودگی‌های نفتی و مشتقات آنها وجود دارد. کربن فعال به عنوان یک ماده موثر برنامه‌های کاربردی محافظت از محیط زیست مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، ارزیابی پالایش هیدروکربن نفتی‌کل در خاک آلوده به گازوییل با اصلاحگرکربن ‌فعال، تعیین مدل سنتیک آن در طی فرآیند اعمال اصلاحگر و بررسی کمی تاثیر مقادیر و اندازه دانه بندی کربن فعال اضافه شده بر نرخ کاهش آلودگی هیدروکربنی بوده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: خاک آلوده به گازوییل از اطراف مخزن گازوئیل در اطراف پالایشگاه شیراز جمع‌وری و پس از سنجش مقدار هیدروکربن نفتی‌کل اولیه و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمایی خاک آلوده، نمونه‌های خاک 700 گرمی حاوی کربن فعال آماده شده در اندازه-های 05/0 و 05/2 میلی‌متر و مقادیر وزنی صفر، 20، 40، 60، 80 و 100 گرم بر کیلوگرم بصورت پایلوت آماده شد. سپس نمونه‌ها در شرایط رطوبت ثابت 50 درصد بمدت چهار هفته در دمای2 ± 28 درجه سانتی‌گراد و هر هفته دو دور هوادهی، استراحت‌دهی و انکوبه شد. در نهایت نتایج تغییرات هیدروکربن نفتی کل و فعالیت میکروبی در زمان پس از تجزیه و تحلیل آماری گزارش شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کربن فعال اثر معنی‌داری بر کاهش آلودگی گازوییلی خاک داشت. نتایج تعیین مدل سنتیک کاهش آلودگی در طی فرآیند اعمال کربن فعال نشان داد که سینتیک کاهش هیدروکربن‌نفتی‌کل از نوع معادله درجه اول بود. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش وزن اصلاحگر، شدت کاهش نیمه عمر و سرعت ثابت تجزیه افزایش یافت. به‌طوری که در تیمار وزن 100 گرم کربن ‌فعال، کمترین نیمه عمربرابر با 13/21 روز و خاک شاهد بیشترین نیمه عمر معادل با 76/78 را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج هیدروکربن نفتی‌کل، کاهش معنی‌دار هیدروکربن‌های نفتی را در کلیه تیمارهای کربن‌فعال نشان داد. بررسی تنفس زیستی (شاخص فعالیت میکروارگانیسم‌های تجزیه‌گر) نشان داد کاربرد کربن ‌فعال، در اندازه‌های کوچکتر و مقدار وزنی بالاتر سبب بهبود تجزیه هیدروکربنی گردید. میزان بهره‌وری زیستی کربن ‌فعال در پایان 60 روز معادل با 38 درصد محاسبه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد اصلاحگر کربن فعال درخاک آلوده گازوئیلی یک روش ارزان، کارآمد و سازگار با محیط زیست می‌باشد که در صورت استفاده مناسب در خاک آلوده، محیطی مناسب برای گیاهان و میکرارگانیسم‌های خاک فراهم می‌کند. این روش می‌تواند در پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به‌عنوان پیش تصفیه موثر همراه با سایر روش‌های زیستی و یا به تنهایی (بسته به میزان آلودگی و تصفیه مورد نیاز) به کار گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of TPH attenuation during remediation of gasoil-contaminated Soil using active carbon modifier in pilot study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Hashemi Tazangi 1
  • Soheila Ebrahimi 2
  • Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi 2
  • Seyed Alireza Movaheddi Naeeni 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran,
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran,
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In the oil-rich country of Iran, pollution of soil with petroleum compounds is a very important factor for pollution. Gasoil is one of the major products of crude oil and is a major source of environmental pollution. Currently, there is an urgent need to prevent the expansion and distribution of oil pollutions as well as their derivatives.Organic carbon has gained attention as an effective compound in applied management programs of environment conservation. The present study aimed to evaluate the refining of total petroleum hydrocarbon content, determining its kinetic model during the application of refiner and quantitative investigation of the effect of active carbon weight and grain size on the attenuation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon.
Materials and methods: The soil polluted with gasoil was collected from the vicinity of the gasoil tanker located in Shiraz refinery. Then, after measurement of the amount initial total petroleum hydrocarbon content and physical and chemical properties of the polluted soil, 700 gram soil samples containing active carbon at 0.05 and 2.05 mm sizes and 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g kg-1 weight doses were prepared as pilot. The samples were then rested in a 50% constant humidity for four weeks at 28 ± 2 °C, and were aerated and incubated two times a week. Finally, the results of the changes in the total petroleum hydrocarbon and microbial activity over time were reported after statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed that the application of active carbon had a significant effect on the reduction of gasoil pollution of the soil. The results related to determination of the kinetic model for the reduction of pollution during the biochar application process showed that the kinetic of reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon was of first order equation; so that in 100 g kg-1 active carbon treatment, the lowest half- life was 21.13 days, and the half- life of control soil was 78.76. The results of total petroleum hydrocarbon showed that there was a significant reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon content in all active carbon treatments. Investigation of bio- respiration (activity index of degrading microorganisms) showed that the application of active carbon in smaller sizes and amount higher weights led to improved hydrocarbon degradation. The biological efficiency of active carbon was calculated 38 percent at the end of the 60 day period.
Conclusion: Application of active carbon refiner in the gasoil- polluted soil is a cheap, effective and environment- compatible method which provides a suitable environment for the plants and soil microorganisms if utilized properly in the polluted soil. This method may be utilized in remediation of the polluted soils as a pre-refining method alone or along with other biological methods (depending on the extent of the pollution and the required remediation).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • active carbon
  • bioremediation
  • crude oil
  • half-life
  • kinetic

مراجع

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 28، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 183-200

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