بررسی ‌رابطه شاخص جریان پایه با شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان در مقیاس ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیز داری

2 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیز داری

3 استاد پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف : شناخت و درک رابطه بین مولفه‌های مختلف حوضه می‌تواند به بهبود و توسعه پیش‌بینی‌ها‌ در حوضه‌های فاقد آمار کمک کند. مقدار واقعی جریان پایه نامشخص است و نظر به اینکه منحنی تداوم جریان با استفاده از داده‌های مشاهداتی تهیه می‌شود، لذا شناخت و تحلیل روابط بین شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان با شاخص جریان پایه منجر به دست‌یابی به اطلاعاتی برای استفاده بهینه از شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان به‌عنوان پارامتر برآورد کننده شاخص جریان پایه، خواهد شد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی و شناخت رابطه شاخص جریان پایه با شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان در اقالیم مختلف کشور ایران می‌باشد.

مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا با تهیه نقشه اقلیم کشور و تقاطع آن با مرز حوزه‌های آبخیز رتبه چهار، حوضه‌های واقع در هر منطقه اقلیمی تفکیک شد. سپس تعداد حداقل سی ایستگاه با آمار مناسب و دوره مشترک آماری سال‌های1355-1390در هر منطقه اقلیمی انتخاب شد. منحنی تداوم جریان با استفاده از داده‌های دبی روزانه بلند‌مدت، ترسیم و شاخص‌های,Q2, Q5,Q10, Q15,Q20,Q50,Q75,Q90‌ استخراج شد. شاخص آخرین نقطه عطف منحنی تداوم جریان(QFinal) در محل شیب صفر منحنی با استفاده از کد‌نویسی در محیط متلب، استخراج شد. سپس شاخص جریان پایه با استفاده از الگوریتم فیلتر رقومی برگشتی تک پارامتره با استفاده از داده‌های دبی روزانه بلند مدت محاسبه شد. سرانجام روابط رگرسیونی بین شاخص‌های منحنی و میانگین سالانه شاخص جریان پایه در مناطق مختلف اقلیمی استخراج و تحلیل شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین همبستگی بین شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان با شاخص جریان پایه در حوضه‌های منطقه بسیار‌مرطوب با ضریب تبیین 84/0 مربوط به شاخص‌های دوره پرآبی منحنی است ولی در دو منطقه مرطوب و نیمه‌مرطوب، بیشترین همبستگی مربوط به شاخص دوره کم‌آبی با ضریب تبیین 63/0 و 69/0 است. بیشترین ضریب تبیین بین شاخص منحنی در نقطه شیب صفر با شاخص جریان پایه، مربوط به منطقه بسیار‌مرطوب به میزان 85/0 است. در جمع‌بندی کلی نتایج قابل ذکر است که روابط همبستگی بین شاخص-های بخش انتهایی منحنی تداوم جریان با میانگین سالانه شاخص جریان پایه، در حوضه‌های اقالیم مرطوب، نیمه‌مرطوب، مدیترانه‌ای و نیمه‌خشک، یک رابطه قوی و قابل توصیه برای مقاصد تحلیل منطقه‌ای و پیش‌بینی و برآورد می‌باشد. ولی در حوضه‌های منطقه خشک این رابطه دارای استثناء است و شاخص‌های بخش پرآبی منحنی این نقش را به عهده دارند. در حوضه‌های منطقه بسیار‌مرطوب، ضریب تبیین کلیه شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان با شاخص جریان پایه، قابل اعتماد و استفاده است.

نتیجه‌‌گیری: در جمع‌بندی کلی نتایج، قابل ذکر است که روابط همبستگی بین شاخص‌های بخش انتهایی و موسوم به کم آبی منحنی تداوم جریان با میانگین سالانه شاخص جریان پایه، در حوضه‌های اقالیم مرطوب، نیمه‌مرطوب، مدیترانه‌ای و نیمه‌خشک، یک رابطه قوی و قابل اعتماد و توصیه برای تحلیل منطقه‌ای و پیش‌بینی و برآورد می‌باشد. ولی در حوضه‌های منطقه خشک این رابطه دارای استثناء است و شاخص‌های بخش پرآبی منحنی، این نقش را به عهده دارند، و بیشترین همبستگی را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. در حوضه‌های واقع در منطقه بسیار‌مرطوب نیز ضریب تبیین کلیه شاخص‌ها با شاخص جریان پایه دارای قابلیت اعتماد و استفاده است. نتایج کلی در حوضه‌های تمامی مناطق اقلیمی، پارامتر شاخص‌های منحنی تداوم جریان را به‌عنوان پارامتر قابل اعتماد و پیش‌بینی کننده شاخص جریان پایه، نشان می‌دهد.

واژه‌های کلیدی: برآورد، تفکیک هیدروگراف جریان، شاخص جریان پایه، شاخص منحنی تداوم جریان، همبستگی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of relationship between base flow index and flow duration curve indices at national scale in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Kazemi 1
  • Jahangir Porhemmat 2
  • Forod Sharifi 3
1 1Assistant Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
2 Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Investigation of relationship between base flow index and flow duration curve indices at national scale in Iran

Rahim Kazemi1 *Jahangir porhemmat2, Forood Sharifi3
1Assistant Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
2,3 Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: Recognizing and understanding the relationship between the different components of the catchments can help improvement and development of predictions in ungagged catchments. The true value of the base flow is unclear, and since the flow duration curve (FDC) is generated using observational data, therefore recognizing and analyzing the relationships between FDC and the base flow index (BFI) leads to achieving information for optimal use of FDC indices as the estimating parameter of BFI. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the relationship between BFI and FDC indices in catchments of different climates of Iran.

Materials and Methods: First, by preparing the climate map of the country and its intersection with the border of the 4th order of watersheds, the catchments located in each climatic zone were separated. Then, at least 30 stations with appropriate statistics and the common period of 1976-2011 were selected in each climatic zone. The FDC was prepared using long-term daily stream flow data, and indices of, Q2, Q5, Q10, Q15, Q20, Q50, Q75, Q90, extracted. The index of the last inflection point of FDC at the zero slope of FDC was extracted using coding in MATLAB. Then BFI was calculated using one parameter recursive digital filtering algorithm and using long-term daily stream flow data. Finally, regression relationships between the average annual FDC indices and BFI in different climatic zones were computed and analyzed.

Results: The results showed that the highest correlation between FDC and BFI in catchments of very humid region with a coefficient of determination of 0.84 was related to first part of FDC, but in both humid and semi-humid regions, the highest correlation were related to the last part of FDC with 0.63 and 0.69 coefficient of determination. The highest coefficient of determination (0.85) between FDC index at the zero slope point (QFinal) and the BFI were related to the catchments of very humid region. Correlation between end-of of FDC indices with BFI in catchments of humid, semi-humid, Mediterranean and semi-arid climate zones were strong relation and could be recommended for regional analysis, forecasting and estimation purposes in ungauged catchment. However, in the catchments of the arid region, this relationship was exceptional, and indices of first part of FDC play this role. In very humid region, the coefficient of determination of FDC indices with BFI was reliable and usable.

Conclusion: In overall conclusion, it is noteworthy that the correlation between the endpoint FDC indices with the average annual BFI in the humid, semi-humid, Mediterranean and semi-arid climate zones were strong, reliable and recommended for regional analysis, forecasting and estimation in ungagged catchments. However, in the catchments of the arid region, this relationship was exceptional, and first part of FDC indices play this role, and have the highest correlation. In catchments located in very humid region, the coefficient of determination of all indices with the BFI has the ability to be trusted and used. The overall results in the catchments of all climatic zones show FDC indices as a reliable and predictive parameter of BFI.

Key words: Base flow index, Correlation , Estimation , Flow duration curve Index, Hydrograph separation

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Base flow index
  • Correlation
  • Estimation
  • Flow duration curve Index
  • Hydrograph separation

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 4
مهر و آبان 1399
صفحه 67-87

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