تاثیر همزمان تیمارهای زیستی و محلول‌پاشی با سیلیسیم بر صفات رشدی، مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه گشنیز تحت تنش سرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آلودگی خاک‌های کشاورزی به فلزات سنگین یکی از معضلات بزرگ زیست محیطی به‌ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه است. انتقال این آلاینده‌ها از طریق گیاهان به انسان، سلامتی افراد جامعه به خطر می‌افتد. سرب با سمیت ماندگاری بالاتر در خاک تاثیر مخرب‌تری در اکوسیستم برجای می‌گذارد و یکی از عوامل اصلی کاهش فعالیت زیستی ریزجاندارن خاک به‌شمار می‌رود. کاربرد هم‌زمان سیلیسیم و تیمارهای زیستی به‌ندرت برای تنش فلزات سنگین به‌کار برده شده است. در این پژوهش سعی شد امکان‌سنجی کاربرد هم‌زمان آنها بر صفات گیاه گشنیز بررسی شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح تنش سرب (0، 500، 1000 و 1500 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم سرب)، چهار سطح از ریز‌جانداران (بدون باکتری، جدایه 6 (B. ceruse strain 264ZG5)، 19 (B. thuringiensis isolate 2T22) باکتری و قارچ میکوریز گونه Glomus mosseae) و سه سطح محلول‌پاشی با نانو ذرات سیلیسیم (0، 1.5 و 3 میلی‌مولار) انجام شد. در انتهای آزمایش صفاتی همانند ارتفاع گیاه، وزن بوته و ریشه، طول ریشه، سطح برگ، درصد ماده خشک برگ، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنویید)، نشت غشا، پرولین و سنجش میزان کربوهیدرات و همچنین تنفس پایه و تحریک شده و درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریز در خاک اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که هر دو جدایه باکتری و میکوریز توانستند حتی در غلظت‌های بالا زنده‌مانی قابل قبولی داشته باشند هر چند غلظت‌های بالا بطور معنی‌داری جمعیت آن‌ها را کاهش داد. هم‌افزایی سیلیسیم و تیمارهای زیستی در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه برآیند مطلوبی داشتند. صفات مورفولوژیک شامل وزن تر و خشک بوته، سطح برگ، کلروفیل a، b، کل و کارتنویید تحت هر دو تیمار آزمایشی نسبت به تیمار شاهد با سرب افزایش نشان دهند. میزان نشت غشا و پرولین تحت تنش سرب به‌ویژه در غلظت‌های بالا افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد اما تیمار ترکیبی سیلیسیم و تیمارهای زیستی تاحد مطلوبی سبب کاهش این تیمارها شد. همینطور سرب سبب افزایش کربوهیدرات گیاه گشنیز شد و نکته جالب توجه افزایش این ماده در اثر کاربرد همزمان تیمارها می‌باشد. به‌نظر می‌رسد تیمارهای زیستی در این مطالعه از طریق تاثیر بر سیستم ریشه و همچنین تاثیر بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی سبب بهبود رشد گیاه گشنیز در شرایط آلودگی سرب شدند.
نتیجه گیری: به‌طور کلی سرب به‌ویژه در غلظت‌های بالا سبب نقصان معنی‌دار در صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری در گیاه گشنیز شد. در این پژوهش تیمار میکوریز و جدایه 6 باکتری در اکثر صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک نتایج بهتری نشان دادند هرچند در غلظت‌های پایین‌تر سرب در برخی صفات جدایه 19 نیز نتایج خوبی نشان داد. تلفیق جدایه‌ها با 3 میلی‌مولار نانو ذرات سیلیسیم سبب نتایج بهتری در این صفات شد. کاربرد هم‌زمان تیمارهای زیستی و سیلیسیم در گیاه گشنیز نسبت به کاربرد تکی آن‌ها توصیه می‌شود هرچند مکانیسم آن‌ها بصورت دقیق مشخص نشده است و نیازمند مطالعات بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Simultaneous Biological and Foliar Treatments with Silicon on Growth, Morphological and Physiological Traits of Coriander under Pb Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamideh Fatemi 1
  • Behrooz Esmaielpour 2
1 university of mohaghegh ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Horticulture department, university of mohaghegh ardaili, ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: One of the major environmental problems is heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils, especially in developing countries. The transfer of pollutants to human via plants endangers people helth in community. Lead (Pb) with higher shelf life toxicity in soil has a more devastating decrese on the biological activities in soils. Same application of silicon and biological treatments under heavy metal stresses rarely investigated before. In this study, it was tried to evaluate the feasibility of their simultaneous use on the properties of coriander.
Materials and methods: This factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four levels of Pb stress (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg.Kg), four levels of biological treatments (Without bacteria, strains 6, 19 bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosea) and three levels of silicon nano particles (0, 1.5 and 3 mM) on coriander plants. At the end of the experiment, traits including plant height, root and shoot weight, root length, leaf area, leaf dry weight, photosynthesis pigment (Chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoid), electro leakage, proline, and carbohydrate were measured in coriandrum sativum. Also, basal and induced respiratory and percentage of mychorizha colonization in soil were measured.
Results: The results of this study showed that both mycorrhizae symbiosis and bacterial isolates inoculation were acceptable population even at high intensities, such that high amoun of Pb decresed population. Both application of Silicon nano particles and biological treatments showed desirable results in most of the studied traits. Morphological traits including fresh and dry weight of plant, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid under both experimental treatments were partially offset by Pb treatment. The amount of electro lekage and proline under Pb stress, especially at high concentrations, was significantly increased, but the combination of silicon nano particles and biological treatments decreased this treatments significantly. Also, Pb increased the carbohydrate content of coriander plants, and the interesting thing was that it increased as a result of their joint application of silicon nano particles and biological treatments. It seems that the biological treatments in this study improved the growth of Coriandrum sativum under Pb contamination by affecting the root system and subsequently the effect on photosynthetic pigments.
Conclusion: In general, Pb, especially at high concentrations, caused significant deficiency in measured traits in Coriander. In this study, mycorrhizal and isolates 6 showed better results in most morphological and physiological conditions, although at lower concentrations of Pb in some isolates 19 also showed good results. Combining the microorganisem treatment with 3 mM silicon nanoparticles were better results in these traits. Simultaneous application of biological treatments and silicon in coriander is recommended for their individual application, although their mechanism has not been elucidated and needs further study.
Key word: Silicon, PGPR, Morphological traits, basal respiration, Induced respiration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silicon
  • PGPR
  • Morphological traits
  • basal respiration
  • Induced respiration

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 4
مهر و آبان 1399
صفحه 45-65

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