کاهش رواناب سطحی خاک‌های متأثر از چرخه انجماد-ذوب با استفاده از سیانوباکتری‌های خاک‌زی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس

3 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی دریا، دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس، دانشکده علوم دریایی، مازندران، نور.

4 عضو هیات علمی/ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

5 گروه علوم محیط زیست، پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه استفاده از ریزموجودات خاک‌زی به‌عنوان تلقیح کننده‌های خاک برای ترویج روش‌های زیست فن‌آوری بر حفظ محیط زیست مطرح می‌باشد. از طرفی شرایط خاک و اقلیم از جمله عوامل مؤثر بر کمیّت و کیفیّت فرسایش خاک می‌باشد. به‌نحوی که ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و پدیده‌های متأثر از آن مانند شرایط یخ‌بندان و ذوب از وجوه تبیین‌کننده مفهوم پویایی فرسایش هستند. در این راستا، حفظ خاک‌ در دامنه‌های حوزه‌های آبخیز و نقش قابل توجه چرخه انجماد-ذوب در تولید رواناب سطحی استفاده از ریزموجودات خاک-زی از جمله سیانوباکتری‌ها به سبب ایجاد پایداری و شرایط مناسب توالی حضور پوشش گیاهی، چسبندگی و تثبیت خاک‌دانه‌ها برای احیاء و ارتقاء پایدار بوم‌سازگان ضروری به نظر می‌رسد و حال آن‌که اغلب شیوه‌های حفاظت خاک و آب در شبکه‌های زه‌کشی به صورت مهندسی و بدون توجه به توان‌مندی‌های روش‌های زیستی مهار هدر رفت آب و خاک صورت می‌گیرد. از این‌رو، با هدف امکان‌سنجی تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌های خاک‌زی در مهار رواناب سطحی از خاک‌های تحت شرایط انجماد-ذوب در مقیاس کرت کوچک آزمایشی برنامه‌ریزی شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای این منظور، خاک مورد مطالعه از اراضی دیم رها شده و حساس به فرسایش منطقه‌ بدرانلو در استان خراسان شمالی تهیه شد. سپس مناسب‌ترین سیانوباکتری‌های موجود در خاک مادری در حفاظت آب و خاک شناسایی، انتخاب، خالص‌سازی، تکثیر و در شش تکرار روی کرت‌ها تلقیح شدند. در این راستا مقایسه تیمارهای شاهد و تلقیح شده با سیانوباکتری و نیز تحت شرایط یک چرخه انجماد و ذوب به باران شبیه‌سازی شده با دوام 30 دقیقه و شدّت حدود 70 میلی‌متر بر ساعت روی کرت‌های فرسایشی کوچک (5/0 در 5/0 متر) با شیب 20 درصد مستقر در آزمایشگاه شبیه‌ساز باران و فرسایش خاک دانشگاه تربیّت مدرّس صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که تیمار تلقیح شده با سیانوباکتری پس از طی یک چرخه انجماد-ذوب به‌صورت معنی‌دار (001/0p <) نسبت به تیمار شاهد باعث بهبود مؤلفه‌های رواناب سطحی شد. در این راستا مقایسه آماری میانگین‌ها نیز نشان داد که تیمار تلقیح سیانوباکتری به‌صورت معنی‌دار (001/0p <) باعث افزایش زمان شروع و زمان تا اوج رواناب، کاهش حجم، مقدار اوج و ضریب رواناب سطحی به‌ترتیب 228، 49 درصد و 65، 48 و 65 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش فعلی نشان داد که اثرگذاری مثبت تلقیح سیانوباکتری‌های خاک‌زی می‌تواند ابزاری کارآمد، اقتصادی و زیستی برای بهبود رفتار هیدرولوژیک خاک‌های مناطق تحت تأثیر انجماد-ذوب ‌باشد. لذا نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش قابلیت استفاده در تبیین الگوهای مدیریتی حفاظت آب و خاک و قابل تعمیم به مناطق با شرایط مشابه را نیز خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reducing Surface Runoff from Soils Subjected to a Freezing-Thawing Cycle using Soil Cyanobacteria

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sudabeh Gharemahmoodli 1
  • Ali Najafinejad 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Behrouz Zarei Darki 3
  • Ali Mohammadian Behbahani 4
  • Hossein Kheirfam 5
1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Tarbiat Modares University
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology Marine, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University
4 Academic Member/Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
5 Urmia University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, the use of soil microorganisms as soil inoculators is being promoted to promote biotechnological methods to protect the environment. On the other hand, soil and climate conditions are among the important factors affecting the quantity and quality of soil erosion. So that, climatic agents such as freezing and thawing influence erosion dynamics. In this regards, soil conservation in watershed slopes and the significant role of freezing-thawing cycle in the production of surface runoff by the use of soil microorganisms such as cyanobacteria due to stability and proper sequence conditions of vegetation cover, adhesion and stabilization of soil for regeneration. Sustainable upgrading of ecosystems seems to be essential, while most soil and water conservation practices in the drainage network are engineered without considering the potential of biological methods for water and soil loss control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of inoculation of soil cyanobacteria in inhibition of surface runoff from soil under freezing-thaw conditions in a small plot.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the studied soil was taken from dryland and prone to erosion area of Badranloo in North Khorasan Province. Then, the most suitable native cyanobacteria in origin soil were identified, selected, purified and propagated, and ultimately inoculated on the plots in six replications for the capability assessment for soil and water conservation. Comparison of control and inoculated treatments with cyanobacteria under a freezing and thawing cycle was made under simulated rain conditions with intensity of about 72 mm.h-1 lasting for 30 min and on small erosion plots (0.5 x 0.5 m) with slope of 20% in the Rain and Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
Results: The results showed that inoculated cyanobacteria treatment after a freeze-thaw cycle significantly (p < 0.001) improved the surface runoff components compared to the control treatment. Statistical comparisons of the means also showed that cyanobacteria inoculation treatment significantly (p < 0.001) increased runoff commencement and time to peak at respective tune of 228 and 49%, and decreased runoff peak and volume at rates of 48 and 65% compared to those of the control treatment.
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed the positive effect of soil cyanobacteria inoculation for water conservation. It therefore could be supposed as an efficient, economic, and biological tool for improving the hydrological behavior of freezing-thawed soils. Hence, the results of this study could be used to designate the management patterns of water and soil conservation and extend to areas with similar conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Frozen soil
  • Soil stability
  • Soil stabilizers
  • Rainfall simulation
  • Runoff

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور 1399
صفحه 163-180

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