حذف آرسنات از محلول‌های آبی با استفاده از بیوچار اصلاح‌شده با آهن

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

2 ارومیه - دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دپارتمان تحقیقاتی کروماتوگرافی جهاد دانشگاهی ایران، واحد آذربایجان غربی

4 گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

5 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم خاک

6 استاد دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آرسنیک یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های ‌زیست‌محیطی در جوامع درحال‌توسعه است. منابع آب آلوده به آرسنیک از مهم‌ترین مسیرهای در معرض قرارگیری انسان و حیوان به آرسنیک معدنی است. روش‌های مختلف فیزیکوشیمیایی و بیولوژیکی برای رفع آلایندگی آرسنیک از محیط‌های آبی وجود دارد. در مقایسه با مزایا و معایب روش‌های حذف آرسنیک روش جذب به علت سهولت کاربرد و هزینه کم بر سایر روش‌ها ارجحیت دارد. ترکیبات آهن‌دار قابلیت بالایی برای جذب آرسنیک از محلول‌های آبی دارند. هدف این تحقیق حذف آرسنات از آب با استفاده از اصلاح بیوچار با نمک آهن است که می‌تواند در احیای منابع آب آلوده به آرسنات برای مصارف آشامیدنی و استفاده دوباره از پساب‌های صنعتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور تولید بیوچار اصلاح‌شده نسبت‌های 1/0 (0.1FeBC) و 4/0 (0.4FeBC) وزنی کلرید آهن 6 آبه به پودر زیست‌توده حاصل از بقایای هرس درختان سیب اضافه گردید و به همراه یک نمونه شاهد (BC) به مدت یک ساعت در دمای 300 درجه سانتی‌گراد برای آتشکافت در داخل کوره تحت شرایط محدود اکسیژن قرار داده شد. برای ارزیابی مورفولوژی جاذب‌های موردمطالعه تصاویر SEM تهیه گردید. آزمایش هم‌دمای جذب در غلظت‌های 0، 1، 2، 4، 6، 8 و 10 میلی‌گرم آرسنات در لیتر انجام شد. غلظت آرسنات در نمونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی به روش تولید هیدرید (HG-AAS) اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌های آزمایشی به چهار مدل جذبی لانگمویر، فروندلیچ، تمکین و دوبینین – رادوشکویچ برازش داده شد و پارامترهایی نظیر انرژی ظاهری جذب (E)، کارایی حذف، انرژی آزاد گیبس ((∆G) و فاکتور جداسازی محاسبه گردید.
یافته‌ها: نمک آهن ویژگی‌های سطح بیوچار را تغییر داده و باعث ایجاد ترکیبات گرانوله‌شکل در سطح جاذب شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار آهن در جاذب حذف آرسنات از محلول بیشتر می‌شود و بیشترین کارایی حذف (86%) برای جاذب 0.4FeBC در غلظت 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر آرسنات به دست آمد. توانایی مدل فروندلیچ در شبیه‌سازی فرایند جذب آرسنات توسط جاذب‌های اصلاح‌شده با آهن بیشتر از مدل‌های لانگمویر، دوبینین – رادوشکویچ و تمکین است. افزایش محتوی آهن در جاذب ضرایب مدل‌های فروندلیچ (KF و n)، تمکین (KT و A)، و لانگمویر (KL و qmax) را افزایش، ولی ثابت مدل دوبینین – رادوشکویچ (KDR) و فاکتور جداسازی (RL) را کاهش داد. بیشترین مقدار برای حداکثر ظرفیت جذب (qmax) از جاذب 0.4FeBC به مقدار 66/7 میلی‌گرم آرسنات بر گرم جاذب به دست آمد. مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده برای انرژی ظاهری جذب (E) نشان داد که فرایند جذب برای بیوچار اصلاح‌نشده از نوع فیزیکی (کمتر از 8 کیلوژول بر مول) و برای بیوچارهای اصلاح‌شده از نوع شیمیایی است. بر طبق انرژی آزاد گیبس (∆G) محاسبه‌شده فراینده جذب آرسنات توسط جاذب‌های موردمطالعه خودبه‌خودی است.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق اصلاح بیوچار با نمک آهن به علت داشتن قابلیت دسترسی منطقه‌ای و کاربرد آسان می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک جاذب ارزان‌قیمت برای رفع آلایندگی آرسنات از آب تلقی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions by biochar supported by Iron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Sepehr 1
  • Mohamammad Ali Shiriazar 2
  • Ramin Maleki 3
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 4
  • Farrokh Asadzadeh 5
  • Behnam Dovlati 6
1 Soil Science Dept Urmia University
2 Urmia - Urmia university
3 Research Department of Chromatography, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia Branch.
4 Urmia university - agriculture Faculty - Department of soil science
5 soil science department - urmia university
6 soil science department - urmia university
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Arsenic contamination is one of the serious environmental challenges in developing countries. Contaminated water is the main source of human and animal exposure to inorganic arsenic. There are various physicochemical and biological methods used for arsenic removal from aquatic environments. Compared to all the advantages and disadvantages of arsenic removal methods, adsorption processes considered as an effective method due to its low cost and ease of application. Iron - rich materials have a high capacity to sorption of arsenic in aqueous solutions. The objective of this study is an assessment of arsenate removal from water using biochar modification by iron salt, which can be used for the recovery of arsenate contaminated water resources for drinking water supply and reuse of industrial effluents.
Materials and Methods: In order to preparation of iron modified biochar 0.1 (0.1FeBC) and 0.4 (0.4FeBC) ratios of FeCl3.6H2O were added to apple pruning residues powder and pyrolized in the furnace for an hour at 300 °C under limited oxygen condition as well as a control sample without iron. SEM images were used for characterization of the morphology of the adsorbents. The isotherm experiment was carried out at initial concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg arsenate/L and remaining arsenate in solution was determined using hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-AAS). Experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, and parameters such as apparent energy of adsorption (E), adsorption efficiency, Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) and separation factor were calculated.
Results: Iron modified the surface properties of biochar and increased the amount of the granular compounds on the adsorbents surface. The results showed that by increasing of the adsorbent iron content, the removal of arsenate from solution increased and the highest removal efficiency (86%) was obtained for the 0.4FeBC adsorbent at 1 mg Arsenate/L. The ability of the Freundlich model to simulate the process of arsenate adsorption by iron-modified adsorbents was higher than the Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin models. By increasing the iron content in the adsorbents Freundlich (KF and n), Temkin (KT and A), Langmuir (KL and qmax) coefficients increased, while the Dubinin–Radushkevich (KDR) coefficient and separation factor (RL) decreased. The highest value for the maximum absorption capacity (qmax) was obtained for 0.4FeBC in the amount of 7.66 mg of arsenate per gram of adsorbent. According to the values of apparent energy of adsorption (E), adsorption process for unmodified biochar is physical (less than 8 kJ / mol) and for the modified biochar is chemisorption. Based on Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values, the adsorption process of arsenate by adsorbents is spontaneous.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, modification of biochar by iron salt can be considered as an inexpensive absorbent due to local accessibility and easy application for removal of arsenate from water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arsenic
  • Biochar
  • Isotherm
  • Adsorption capacity

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 2
خرداد و تیر 1399
صفحه 127-143

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