حذف سرب از محلول‌های آبی با استفاده از بیوچار و بیوماس هسته زیتون با سیستم جذب سطحی: مطالعات همدما و سینیتیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه با توجه به تأثیر آلاینده‌ها بر سلامت عمومی موجودات زنده و انسان‌ها، شناسایی روش‌های حذف آلاینده‌های سمی از منابع آبی، امری کاملا ضروری است. در حال حاضر استفاده از مواد جاذب در دسترس، زائد و ارزان قیمت مانند بیوچار، به ‌عنوان جایگزینی مناسب در برابر روش‌های پرهزینه برای حذف فلزات سنگین از محیط آب متداول شده است. هدف این پژوهش مطالعه و بررسی جذب سرب از محلول‌های آبی توسط بیوچار تهیه شده از هسته زیتون و مطالعه اثر زمان تماس، پ‌هاش محلول، غلظت اولیه محلول، مقادیر جاذب و بررسی هم‌دماها و سینتیک فرآیند حذف سرب است.
مواد و روش‌ها: بیوچار هسته زیتون در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس به مدت یک ساعت در شرایط بدون اکسیژن با تزریق گاز نیتروژن تولید گردید. ویژگی بیوچار و بیوماس هسته زیتون با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، طیف سنجی تبدیل فوریه مادون قرمز تعیین شد. سطح ویژه با روش متیلن‌بلو و مقادیر کربن، هیدروژن و نیتروژن با دستگاه CHN آنالیزر تعیین گردید. اثر زمان تماس (5/0 تا 16 ساعت)، پ‌هاش محلول از 2 تا 8، مقدار جاذب از 2/0 تا 10 گرم بر لیتر و غلظت سرب از 25 تا 2500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بر کارایی حذف سرب از محلول آبی بررسی شد. همدماهای جذب توسط مدل‌های لانگمویر و فروندلیچ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی بیوچار هسته زیتون و بیوماس زیتون به ترتیب برابر با 42/57 و 125/8 سانتی مول بار بر کیلوگرم به‌دست آمد. مقدار سطح ویژه در بیوچار و بیوماس هسته زیتون به ترتیب 2/13 و 92/3 متر مربع بر گرم بود. تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) تائید کرد که بیوچار هسته زیتون نسبت به بیوماس هسته زیتون خلل و فرج بیشتری دارد. درصد کربن در بیوچار تهیه شده 5/1 برابر بیشتر از بیوماس هسته زیتون بود. نتایج جذب نشان داد که مقدار 31 تا 71 درصد از عنصر سرب در طی زمان تماس توسط بیوچار از محلول آبی حذف شد. بیشترین میزان جذب بعد از هشت ساعت مشاهده گردید. مقدار جذب سرب با افزایش پ-هاش محلول تا حدود پنج افزایش و سپس کاهش نشان داد. میزان بهینه جاذب برای بیوچار زیتون مقدار چهار گرم بر لیتر به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که جذب یون سرب توسط بیوچار زیتون از مدل همدمای لانگمویر تبعیت می‌کند. نتایج سینیتیک نشان داد که جذب سرب با مدل سینتیکی معادله شبه مرتبه دوم (99/0=R²) مطابقت دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به به جنبه‌های اقتصادی تولید ترکیب بیوچار زیتون به ‌عنوان جاذبی مناسب، کارآمد و ارزان قیمت برای حذف سرب توصیه می‌شود. این یافته ها می‌تواند اطلاعات مفیدی برای مدیریت زیست محیطی در زمینه حذف سرب در اطراف کارخانه‌های تولید سرب و مناطق آلوده استان زنجان ارائه دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lead removal from contaminated water using biochar and biomass of olive wast in bath adsorption systems: isotherms and kinetic studies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Ahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Amir Delavar 2
  • Ahmad Golchin 2
  • Akbar Hassani 2
1 Ms.C student of Soil science, aculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan,Iran
2 Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan,Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Nowadays, regarding the effects of contaminants on general health of human and other living beings, identification of effective ways to removal of toxic contaminants from the water is undoubtedly essential. At present, using low-cost locally-available wastes, like biochar, as sorbent materials to removal heavy metals (HMs) from water is preferred than other costly ways. The main objectives of this study were to assess the Pb sorption from water solutions by the biochar derived from olive kernel, the effect of contact time, solution reaction, the initial solution concentration, the sorbent levels, the isotherms and the kinetic of Pb removal process.
Materials and methods: The biochar was produced from olive kernel in one hour at 600˚C at oxygen-absence conditions and injection of N2 gas. The biochar properties were determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer Spectrum. The carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen contents and specific area were determined using CHN Elemental Analyzer and Methylene-blue, respectively. The effects of contact time (from 0.5 to 16 hours), solution pH (from 2 to 8), sorbent contents (from 0.2 to 10 g.lit-1) and Pb concentration (from 25 to 2500 mg.lit-1) on Pb removal from water solution were studied. The sorption isotherms was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
Results: Based on results cation exchange capacity of olive kernel biochar and olive biomass were 57.42 and 8.12 Cmol kg-1, respectively. Specific surface for olive kernel biochar and olive kernel biomass was 13.2 and 3.92 m2 g-1, respectively. The results obtained from SEM confirmed that the produced biochar has more porosity compared with the olive kernel. Carbon percentage in the produced biochar was 1.5 times of carbon percentage in olive kernel biomass. It was observed that 31 to 71 % of total Pb was removed from water solution by amended biochar during the time. The maximum sorption was observed after 8 hours. It seems that Pb sorption is influenced by solution pH; so that with increment of solution reaction until 5, the sorption content was significantly increased. The optimum sorbent content for used biochar was 4 g lit-1. The results showed that Pb sorption was best modeled by Langmuir isotherm. According to the results of correlation coefficients of kinetic models, Pseudo-second order function had the best performance.
Conclusion: Considering its low costs, production of olive kernel biochar is suggested as a good sorbent for Pb removal. These findings may present some useful information for environmental management in respect of Pb removal, especially at the surroundings of Pb-processing factories and polluted areas of Zanjan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contamination water resources
  • Olive biomass
  • Adsorption isotherm
  • Kinetic models
  • Langmuir

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 27، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 109-126

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