مطالعه اثرات دریاچه اورمیه بر خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و کانی‌شناسی خاک‌های منطقه دیزج دول، اورمیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه اورمیه

2 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک دانشگاه اورمیه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات دریاچه اورمیه بر خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و کانی‌شناسی خاک‌ها در منطقه دیزج دول، 24 خاکرخ در دو ردیف اراضی در خاک‌های متأثر و غیرمتأثر از دریاچه اورمیه با مواد مادری، اقلیم و توپوگرافی مشابه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده خاکرخ‌های متأثر از دریاچه دارای افق‌های ناتریک هستند و یونهای سدیم ناشی از آب دریاچه سبب تشکیل افق ناتریک در این خاکرخ‌ها گردیده است. تجزیه واریانس خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک‌ها نشان داد که مقدار کربن آلی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، هدایت الکتریکی، سدیم‌تبادلی،ESP و pH خاک‌های دو ردیف اراضی مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال 1% تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند ولی تفاوت ضخامت خاک، مقدار رس و کربنات کلسیم معادل خاک‌ها معنی‌دار نبود. مطالعات کانی‌شناسی نشان داد که کانی‌های رسی خاک‌های هر دو ردیف اراضی عمدتا اسمکتیت، ایلیت، کائولینیت، کلریت و ورمی‌کولیت می-باشند. منشا اسمکتیت و ورمی‌کولیت در این خاک‌ها عمدتاً پدوژنیک بوده و از تغییر شکل ایلیت حاصل شده‌اند. در خاکرخ‌های متأثر از دریاچه، نوتشکیلی عامل اصلی تشکیل اسمکتیت می‌باشد. کانی‌های ایلیت، کلریت، کائولینیت عمدتاً از مواد مادری به ارث رسیده‌اند. مقایسه نتایج خاک‌های دو ردیف اراضی نشان داد که پیشروی دریاچه اورمیه سبب حضور مقادیر کمتر کربن آلی، مقادیر بیشتر EC، سدیم تبادلی، ESP، CEC و pH و مقادیرخیلی بیشتر اسمکتیت در خاک‌های متأثر از دریاچه گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of effects of Urmia Lake on Physico-chemical properties and clay mineralogy of soils in Dizadj Dol region of Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram Manafi 1
  • Mokhtar Khani 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of Urmia Lake on physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soils in Dizadj Dol region, 24 soil profiles in two soil sequences with the similar parent material, topography and climate were investigated. One of these sequences is affected by Urmia Lake and the other one is not affected. According to the results, all of the profiles which have been affected by the Lake have nitric horizons. Natric horizons in these soils have been formed due to high amounts of sodium ions resulted from UrmiaLake. Varivace analysis of physico-chemical properties of these soils showed that the values of soil organic carbon, CEC, EC, exchangeable Na, ESP and pH of the two sequences were significantly different (P≤ 0.01), but soil depth, clay content and calcium carbonate equivalent were not significantly different. Analysis of clay mineralogy showed that the clay mineral composition in these sequences were mostly smectite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite and vermiculite. Smectites and vermiculites in these soils are mainly of pedogenic origin and have been formed via transformation of illite. In the soils which have been affected by Urmia Lake, the main origin of smectites was neoformation process from soil solution. Illites, chlorites and kaolinite are inherited from parent material. Comparision of results of soils in these two sequences showed that the upraise of Urmia Lake has lead low amount of organic carbon and to high amounts of EC, exchangable sodium, ESP, CEC, pH and higher amounts of smectite in the soils affected by Urmia Lake.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • West Azerbaijan
  • Natric horizon
  • clay minerals
  • neoformation

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مجله پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک
دوره 23، شماره 1
فروردین 1395
صفحه 65-82

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