بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف شوری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کینوا (رقم Titicaca)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
از آنجایی‌که یکی از اهداف مهم در کشاورزی پایدار با توجه به بحران منابع آبی، افزایش بهره‌وری مصرف آب می‌باشد لذا استفاده از تکنیک‌هایی جهت رسیدن به این مهم ضروری است. با توجه به کمبود آب‌های با کیفیت، بیش از پیش استفاده از آب‌های نامتعارف (آب دریا) مورد توجه است. یکی از تکنیک‌های استفاده از آب‌های شور (آب دریا) در آبیاری، اختلاط با آب معمولی می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش نیز بررسی اثر سطوح متفاوت شوری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کینوا (Capsicum annum L) رقم Titicaca تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای بود.
مواد و روش‌ها:
در این تحقیق از 5 سطح اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری، جهت بررسی اثر آن بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کینوا استفاده شد. این تحقیق بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با 3 تکرار در سال 95 در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در شرایط گلخانه‌ای و در گلدان اجرا گردید. گلخانه مورد استفاده در شمال کشور ایران و در شهر گرگان با موقعیت جغرافیایی 36 درجه و 51 دقیقه طول شمالی و 54 درجه و 16 دقیقه عرض شرقی و ارتفاع 3/13 متر از سطح دریا واقع بود. بافت خاک مورد استفاده در این طرح سیلتی رسی بود. سطوح مختلف شوری مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل (صفر، 15، 30، 45 و 60 درصد اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری) بود. دانه‌های گیاه کینوا در این تحقیق در عمق 5/2 سانتی‌متری کاشته شد و نیاز آبی گیاه نیز بر اساس تبخیر از سطح تشت کلاس A اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از گذشت 6 ماه گیاهان برداشت شده و وزن خشک ریشه و بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد و ارتفاع بوته جمع‌آوری گردید. قبل از شروع ازمایش خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی آب و خاک مورد استفاده در آزمایشگاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در انتها تحلیل آماری صفات مورد بررسی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS (ver 9.0) انجام گرفت. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح 5 درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها:
نتایج نشان داد که شوری بر وزن خشک اندام هوایی، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد و وزن هزار دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بوده، ولی بر وزن خک ریشه در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود. در این تحقیق نتایج نشان دهنده اثر منفی شوری بر روی کلیه صفات مورد بررسی بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 15 درصد اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری در مقایسه با سایر رژیم‌های مورد بررسی پس از تیمار شاهد دارای بیشترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه و بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد در واحد سطح بوده ولی در صفت ارتفاع بوته بیشترین مقدار در تیمار 15 درصد اختلاط آب دریا و آب شهری مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری:
نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شوری از صفر به 15 درصد اختلاط آب دریا بترتیب وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه، عملکرد و وزن هزار دانه را به میزان 8/9، 9/9، 1/2 و 4/23 درصد کاهش داد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که روش اختلاطی، تا حد زیادی اثرات منفی ناشی از استفاده آب‌های شور به‌صورت خالص را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the effect of different Salinity levels on Yield and Yield components of Quinoa (Cv. Titicaca)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saber Jamali 1
  • Hossein Sharifan 2
1 Water Engineering Department, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of water engineering, Faculty of Agricultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Since the agriculture field is the main water consumer, using the approaches to increase water use efficiency is necessary. Due to the limited freshwater, farmers have to use exotic water, such as seawater. One of the management methods is the mixture use of freshwater and seawater. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different salinity levels on yield and yield components of Quinoa (Cv. Titicaca) in greenhouse condition.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of five mixing use of seawater and freshwater evaluated on yield and yield components of Quinoa (CV. Titicaca). The research was done based on completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2016. Research Station is located in north of Iran at 36° 51' N latitude and 54° 16' E longitude at the south-east corner of Caspian Sea and its height from sea level is 13.3 meters. Soil texture is silty clay. In this study, five irrigation regimes included (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 percent mixture of sea and tap water). The seeds of Quinoa were planted at a depth of 2.5 centimeter in soil of each pot and were irrigated with tap water. Plants harvested after 6 months, shoot and root dry weight, plant height, yield and thousand kernel weights were measured. Physical and chemical properties of irrigation water and of soil were determined before experiment. The obtained data analyzed using statistical software of SAS (Ver. 9.0) and the means were compared using LSD test at 5 % percent levels.
Results: The results showed that effect of different salinity levels on shoot dry weight, plant height, yield and thousand kernel weights was significant at 1 percent level (p < 0.01), but on root dry weight was significant at 5 percent level (p < 0.05). In this study, all of these parameters decreased significantly with increasing water salinity. The result showed that the irrigation regime of 15 percent mixture of seawater and tap water compared to other regimes had the highest root and shoot dry weights, yield, and thousand kernel weights after control treatment. While, the 15 percent mixture of seawater and tap water irrigation regime had the highest plant height.
Conclusion: The results indicated that increasing of salinity levels from 0 to 15 percent mixture of sea and tap water resulted in redaction of shoot and root dry weight, yield and thousand kernel weights to 9.8, 9.9, 2.2 and 23.4 percent, respectively. The results showed that this kind of saline and fresh water mixture, in any way, has a high efficiency in reducing salt stress on plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quinoa
  • Seawater
  • shoot and root dry weight
  • thousand kernel weights
  • Yield
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