تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش‌خشکی و کود ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و آلیسین گیاه سیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، عضو هیأت علمی، گروه تولیدات گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه

2 دانشگاه تربت حیدریه

3 کارشناسی‌ارشد، تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سیر‌ (Allium sativum L.) گیاهی چند‌ساله علفی از خانواده Liliaceae بوده که از نظر تولید جهانی در بین گیاهان پیازی پس از پیاز خوراکی رتبه دوم را به خود اختصاص داده است، کمبود منابع آبی دردسترس، صرفه‌جویی و بهینه‌سازی مصرف آب، درباره این گیاه حساس به خشکی را نیز اجتناب‌ناپذیر نموده است. اصولاً بیشترین عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب به‌ترتیب در آبیاری‌های کامل و تنش خشکی ملایم به‌دست می‌آید و با کاربرد کودهای آلی از جمله ورمی‌کمپوست، اثرات منفی تنش‌های آبی کاهش می‌یابد، توجه به اهمیت اعمال تنش آبی در برنامه‌ریزی‌های آبیاری از سویی و افزایش میزان ماده موثره گیاهان با اعمال تنش از سویی دیگر، باعث گردید در این تحقیق به بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش‌خشکی و کود ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و میزان ماده مؤثره آلیسین گیاه دارویی سیر که از نطر تولید، مقام دوم در بین گیاهان پیازی را دارد، پرداخته شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه در سال زراعی 95-1394 اجرا ‌شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری شامل 100 (شاهد)، 120، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و کود ورمی‌کمپوست در چهار سطح صفر، پنج، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده و متقابل تنش خشکی و ورمی‌کمپوست بر ارتفاع بوته، طول برگ، وزن تر و خشک بوته، وزن تر و خشک سوخ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، سطح برگ، وزن خشک برگ و عملکرد سیر معنی‌دار بود، نتایج نشان می‌دهد با افزایش تنش خشکی ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک سوخ و سطح برگ کاهش ‌یافته است. مصرف پنج، 10 و 15 تن ورمی‌کمپوست به ترتیب باعث بهبود 25، 18 و 10 درصدی عملکرد سیر در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد سوخ سیر به‌ترتیب در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی و مصرف پنج تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار (با عملکردی برابر با 10170کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تنش60 درصد نیاز آبی و بدون مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست (با عملکردی برابر با 3048/66کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش و مصرف کود ورمی‌کمپوست باعث افزایش میزان ماده موثره آلیسین گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: گیاه سیر حساس به تنش خشکی است و کمبود آب سبب کاهش و کاربرد کود ورمی‌کمپوست، باعث بهبود عملکرد آن می‌گردد. و کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست ضمن بهبود خصوصیات رشدی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیر و کاهش خسارات ناشی از تنش خشکی در فصل تحت کشت، تداوم بهبود عملکرد گیاه در سال‌های بعد و همچنین بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می-شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Stress and Vermicompost Fertilizer on yield, yield component and active compound of Allicin in garlic Medicinal Herbs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Ahmadian 1
  • Amir Salari 2
  • Zakieh Mousavi 3
  • Hamed Kaveh 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Torbat Heydarieh
2
3 M.S.C, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Torbat Heydarieh
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) is a herbaceous herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family which has been ranked second in the world in terms of production of onions after onions. Due to lack of water resources, saving and optimizing water use is inevitable. Generally, the highest yield and water use efficiency are achieved in full irrigation and mild stress, respectively. And with the use of organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, the negative effects of water stresses are reduced. Considering the importance of applying water stress in irrigation programs and increasing the amount of effective material of plants by applying stress, this study investigated the effects of different levels of stress and vermicompost on yield, yield components and active compound of Allicin in garlic herb which is the second highest among the onion plants.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a split plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Torbat Hadiriyah University during the cropping season of 2015-2016. Different irrigation levels including 100 (control), 120, 80 and 60% of water requirement were considered as the main factor and vermicompost fertilizer at four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ton / ha as sub factor.
Results: The results showed that simple and cross effects of drought stress and vermicompost on plant height, leaf length, fresh and dry weight of the plant, fresh and dry weight of the tuber, fresh and dry weight of root, leaf area, leaf dry weight and garlic yield were significant. The results show that with increasing drought stress, plant height, dry weight of bulb and leaf area decreased. Consumption of 5, 10 and 15 tons of vermicompost increased 25, 18 and 10 percent of garlic yield, respectively. The highest and lowest yield of garlic was obtained in 100% water requirement and 5 ton per hectare of vermicompost (with a yield of 10170 kg ha-1) and 60% water stress without vermicompost consumption (with a yield of 3048 kg ha-1), respectively. Drought stress reduced and vermicompost increased the amount of allicin.
Conclusion: Garlic is susceptible to drought stress and Water scarcity decreases and application of vermicompost fertilizer improves its performance. The application of vermicompost while improving the growth characteristics, yield and yield components of garlic and reducing the damage caused by drought stress during the cultivated season, the continuation of plant performance improvement in subsequent years, as well as the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tuber
  • Deficit irrigation
  • Organic fertilizer
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