ارزیابی شاخص S با استفاده از سه مدل منحنی مشخصه رطوبتی خاک در پنج کاربری مختلف در جنوب کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ولیعصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 استاد تمام گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

4 مدیریت منابع برلین، آلمان

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: یکی از راههای بیان رفتارهای فیزیکی خاک، توصیف ساختمان خاک می‎باشد. از آنجا که اندازه گیری کیفیت فیزیکی خاک به‎طور مستقیم امکان پذیر نیست، به همین دلیل از خواص ویژه‎ای که به عنوان شاخص تعریف می‌شوند، برای بیان کیفیت فیزیکی خاک استفاده می‎کنند. از شاخص‏هایی مختلفی از جمله شاخص S برای بیان کیفیت فیزیکی خاک که شیب منحنی مشخصه رطوبتی خاک در نقطه عطف می‎باشد استفاده می‎شود. به نظر می‎رسد که تحقیقات چندانی در خصوص اثر کاربری بر شاخص S انجام نشده است، بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق، مقایسه نتایج شاخص S با سه مدل مختلف منحنی مشخصه رطوبتی خاک (شامل مدل ون‎گنوختن، مدل بروکس – کوری و مدل گرون‏ولت– گرانت) در پنج کاربری مختلف در شهرستان جیرفت بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به همین منظور 350 نمونه دست خورده و 350 نمونه دست نخورده از کاربری‎های مختلف (کاربری مرکبات، کاربری نخیلات، زراعی، جنگل و ترکیبی ) برداشت شد. برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک، شامل درصد شن، درصد سیلت، درصد رس، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی عصاره اشباع، چگالی ظاهری، درصد تخلخل کل و درصد مواد آلی اندازه‎گیری شدند. همچنین با استفاده از دستگاه صفحات فشاری، مقدار رطوبت خاک در مکش‌های 0، 30،10، 50، 100، 300، 500، 1000 و 1500 کیلوپاسکال تعیین شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در منطقه مورد بررسی، بهترین کیفیت فیزیکی خاک در کاربری نخیلات دیده شد. همه کاربری‏ها، به جز کاربری جنگل، دارای کیفیت فیزیکی مناسبی بودند. زیاد بودن مقدار شاخص S در کاربری‎های مرکبات، نخیلات و زراعی می‎تواند بیانگر مدیریت بهتر خاک در شروع کشت و کار باشد. در کاربری ترکیبی، به دلیل کشت توامان یونجه و خرما، یونجه سبب برگشت مواد آلی بیشتر به خاک می‏شود و در نتیجه ساختمان خاک را بهبود می‎بخشد که در زیاد بودن مقدار شاخص نمایان می‏شود. در کاربری‏هایی که ساختمان خاک وضعیت بهتری داشت و یا عملیات مدیریتی مناسب اعمال شده بود، شاخص S زیادتر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‎طور کلی، با وجود اختلاف ناچیز کاربری‏های مرکبات، نخیلات و زراعی در مقدار شاخص S، کاربری نخیلات دارای میانگین شاخص S بالاتری بود. به‎طوری‎که مقدار آن در مدل ون‎گنوختن، بروکس-کوری و گرانت-گرون‎ولت به ترتیب برابر با 06/0، 06/0و 04/0 بود. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که دقت مدل ون‎گنوختن در برآورد و ارزیابی کیفیت خاک، به دلیل تمایز بیشتر بین خاک‎های با کیفیت فیزیکی نزدیک بهتر بود زیرا برازش منحنی مشخصه رطوبتی دارای R2 بالاتر بود ( 92/0= R2). هرچند به دلیل اختلاف کم با دو مدل دیگر، به ویژه مدل بروکس و کوری (87/0= R2)، به نظر می‎رسد مدل مناسب برای ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در کاربری‏های مختلف متفاوت می‎باشد. بنابراین ضروری است که این شاخص و سایر شاخص‎های ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی خاک در اقلیم‎های مختلف بیشتر بررسی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the S-index using three models of the soil water retention curve in five different Land uses in south of Kerman

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahimeh Amirimijan 1
  • Hossein Shirani 2
  • Isa Esfandiarpour 3
  • Ali Asghar Besalatpour 4
  • Hosein Shekofteh 3
1 Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 2. Professor of College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 3. Associate Professor of College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
4 inter3 GmbH -Institut for Ressources management, Otto-Suhr-Allee 59, 10585 Berlin, Germany. Email
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the ways to express physical behavior of soil is to describe the soil structure. Since physical soil could not be measured directly, therefore, the special properties defined as indicators, are used to express the soil physical quality. of different indicators, S-index is used to express the physical quality of the soil which is the slope of the soil water retention curve at inflection point. It seems that little research has been done on the effect of landuse on the S-index, then The purpose of this study was to compare the results of S-index of three different soil water retention curve models of the moisture characteristic of the soil (Van Genuchten, Brooks-Corey and Grant-Groenevelt Models) in 5 different land uses in Jiroft city.
Materials and Methods: For this reason, 350 disturbed and 350 undisturbed soil samples of different landuse (citrus, palm, arable, forest and combinatory) were analyzed. Some of the physical and chemical features of the soil, including sand, silt, and clay percentage, the electronic conductivity at saturation, Bulk Density, the percentage of the total porosity and the percentage of the Organic Matter were measured. Also, the amount of the soil moisture in suctions 0, 10, 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 KPa was determined using pressure plates.
Results: The results showed in the study region the best physical quality of the soil was seen in palm land use. All landuses, except forest, had high physical quality. High value of S index in citrus, palm, and arable land uses can indicate better soil management at the start of farming. In combinatory land use, due to Simultaneous cropping of alfalfa and palm, alfalfa causes more organic matter to be returned to the soil and as a result, the soil structure improves. Which is displayed at high value of S index. In general, The S index was higher in landuses where the soil had better structure or management operations were improved. because of the distinction between the soils with closely physical quality, Van Genuchten model was better and more appropriate than the other two models in assessing the physical quality.
Conclusion: In general, despite the slight differences in citrus, palm and cultivate landuses, palm landuse had a higher mean of S index. So that their values in Van Genuchten, Brooks-Corey and Grant-Groenevelt models were 0.06, 0.06 and 0.04 respectively. The results of this study showed that the Van Genuchten model accuracy was better in estimating and evaluating the soil quality due to the greater differentiation between the soils with close physical quality. Because the fitting of Soil water characteristic curve had a higher R2 (R2=0.92). However, due to low differences with two other models, in particular the Brooks and Corey model (R2 =0.87), It seems that, in different landuses, a suitable model for assessing soil quality varies. Therefore, it is imperative that this index and other indicators of soil physical quality assessment in different climates are further examined.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soil physical quality
  • S index
  • Van Genuchten
  • Brooks and Corey
  • Groenevelt and Grant
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