Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Impacts of land use change on soil quality indicators in eastern Ardabil province
1
19
FA
شکراله
اصغری
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
sh_asghari2005@yahoo.com
سعیده
هاشمیان صوفیان
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
saeide.hashemian@yahoo.com
اسماعیل
گلی کلانپا
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
goli@uma.ac.ir
مهدی
محب الدینی
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
mohebodini@uma.ac.ir
The impacts of land use change on the soil quality in Fandoghlou region of Ardabil province at three adjacent forest (F), range (R) and cultivated (C) lands was studied. Thirty soil samples were collected from each land use and measured some their quality indices. Land use change from F to R and C decreased mean of OC from 5.8 to 3.08 and 2.24 %, N from 0.46 to 0.22 and 0.11 %, MWD of aggregates from 1.28 to 0.97 and 0.35 mm, hydraulic conductivity from 0.49 to 0.35 and 0.20 cm min-1, respiration from 0.90 to 0.36 and 0.30 mg CO2 g-1day-1, K from 545.07 to 289.07 and 105.14 mg kg-1, P from 55.18 to 27.67 and 51.98 mg kg-1, porosity from 54.11 to 46.67 and 37.3 % and increased mean of calcium carbonate from 5.57 to 9.93 and 11.98 %, sand from 54.82 to 57.83 and 60.76 % and pH from 5.66 to 6.73 and 6.82, respectively. The highest significant positive correlation was found between OC and N (r = 0.897**). The results of factor analysis showed that three factors justified higher than 95 percent of variance in sand, 83 percent of variance in OC, N, K, clay and silt and 73 percent of variance in pH, respiration and porosity and 60 percent of variance in P. Therefore, land use change from F to R and C reduced soil quality in the studied area.
Principle Component Analysis (PCA),Land use change,Soil quality,Fandoghlou forests
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2608.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2608_5aef9f4b60ddc0255d4aad742e3cb800.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Develop Pedotransfer Functions by Using of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Different Depths to Estimate the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
21
37
FA
سمیه
زهری شیل سر
دانشجور/دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
somayyeh_6657@yahoo.com
محمد علی
غلامی سفیدکوهی
0000-0001-8732-4929
هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
magholamis@yahoo.com
Saturated hydraulic conductivity is an important factor in the related issues to water and soil. The aim of this study was to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for 280,000 hectares of land in the Northern Rivers Gharasoo - Gorganroud. For this purpose was used data from 188 soil profiles. Available soil information includes some of the physical properties of soil (till the depth 6 m), some of the chemical properties of the soil (till the depth 1.5 m) and some chemical properties of the water in the wells. The aim of the present study was evaluating the effects of combined physical and chemical available parameters from different depths on the accuracy of the models were fitted. To this end, three models were proposed with different inputs. The first model was created by using the chemical properties of water and soil, the second model was developed by using soil physical parameters and third model were created by combining parameters of the two previous models. The results showed that the third model is more accurate and the value of R2, R2adj and RMSE, respectively was, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.34 also ME values for the three models respectively was 0.05, 0.02 and 0.06. Verification test results showed that the average predicted values and the measured Ks in all models, with no significant difference.
Available Parameters,Auger hole Method,Regression Model,Golestan Province
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2609.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2609_467c6dbd72a2167d279c0a9a5ea8a228.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Trend Analysis of Stream flow changing of North watershed of Dez River with MK test with the TFPW-MK procedure
39
55
FA
حسن
ترابی پوده
دانشگاه لرستان
torabi1976@gmail.com
samad
Emamgholizadeh
Shahrood uni
s_gholizadeh517@yahoo.com
The proper management and utilization of rivers requires the correct estimation of river discharge. Due to the importance of Dez River in the study area, the trend analysis of streamflow changing of North watershed of Dez River in three times span namely monthly, seasonally and annually were investigated by trend-free pre-whitening- Mann Kendall (MK-TFPW) approach. The data of 14 hydrometric stations were selected in 40-years period (1969-2009). The slope of the linear trend of data estimated using the Theil–Sen approach (TSA) and then using trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) approach the effect of coefficient of self-correlation of data was eliminated. The trend of streamflow changing were analyzed with MK test. The results show that the decreasing trend rates of more than 70 percent of the stations on annual basis are significant at 5% level. On seasonal basis the maximum and minimum negative changes related to spring and winter seasons, and the negative trend discharge of 10 stations were significant at the level of 10%. On monthly basis the most negative trend related to April month, as in this season the negative trends of 8 stations were significant at 10% level. The lowest negative changes are related to the October and February, as in this month, the negative trends of only 3 stations were significant at the 10% level.
Autocorrelation,Mann-Kendall,Stream flow,Trend
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2610.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2610_1d36908c8e2e27b19d9e77b1b6e0a7b4.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Relationship between oak's tree-ring width and climatic indices (in regional and global scales) in Javanroud region, Kermanshah
57
71
FA
mehdi
nadi
0000-0003-0854-8380
دانشجوی دکتری گروه آبیاری دانشگاه تهران
mehdi.nadi@gmail.com
Javad
Bazrafshan
عضو هیئت علمی گروه آبیاری دانشگاه تهران
jbazr@ut.ac.ir
Kambiz
Pourtahmasi
عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران
portahmsi@ut.ac.ir
Fatemeh
Najafi Harsini
دانشجوی دکتری چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران
fn.harsini@gmail.com
In this study, the correlation of some climatic indices with the tree-ring index of Quercus infectoria was investigated in Javanroud region of Kermanshah Province. The climatic data was prepared from meteorological stations of region (temperature, precipitation, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)) and global grid point data from NOAA site (temperature, precipitation, Palmer Drought severity Index (PDSI)) in Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania. Based on the meteorological station data the results showed that the air temperature had a negative effect on growth of trees in this region. The effect of maximum temperature in comparison to minimum temperature was more significant representing the dominant effect of heat stress on the freezing stress in trees growth in this area. Also temperature and precipitation of a few months before and after the growth period had most impacts on tree growth while the temperature at the beginning of the growing season has no significant effect on tree growth. The highest correlation coefficients of tree ring with the SPI were derived from the 5-8 time scales with the final months of June to August, respectively. Analysis based on the global grid point data showed that there is significant correlation between tree ring widths and precipitation of some parts in the world. Also, it was revealed that significant correlated boundaries (next to the study area) corresponded to intrusion paths of the Sudan and the Mediterranean air masses from the west and the pluvial air masses from northeastern of Iran.
tree-ring width,Oak,climatic Indices,global grid points,Kermanshah
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2611.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2611_dbace7c4c7aba8a79a3711107d786fde.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Lithological and anthropogenic factors affecting magnetic properties of calcareous soils in Zanjan
73
88
FA
Ali
Afshari
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
a.afshari66@yahoo.com
Hossein
Khademi
استاد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
hkhademi@cc.iut.ac.ir
Shamsollah
Ayoubi
دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
ayoubi@cc.iut.ac.ir
Soils magnetic properties reflect different effects of soil mineralogy. Soil minerals originate from natural (lithogenic and pedogenic) or anthropogenic (secondary ferromagnetic minerals) origins or both sources. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic activities and parent materials on magnetic behaviours in cancerous soils of Zanjan. A total number of 241 soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were taken from an area of 2000 km2 having different land uses and parent materials and analysed in the lab. Mean magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the soil samples was 377.9 10-8m3kg-1. The highest MS was obtained for urban soils (mean of 467.13 10-8m3kg-1). Industrial activities particularly the Pb and Zn melting factories and traffic and fossil fuels appear to be among the important sources of anthropogenic ferromagnetic particles. The contribution of lithogenic sources (parent materials) to MS in soils derived from igneous rocks is very high. The MS in such soils is not positively correlated with pedogenic development. Soils developed on sedimentary rocks have relatively low MS (42 to 158 10-8m3kg-1). Higher MS in soils with sedimentary parent materials seems to be mainly due to pedogenic and in situ formation of ferromagnetic materials.
Magnetic parameters,parent materials,land uses,anthropogenic pollution
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2612.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2612_20ddd19d6d5d26a3bbf8d623239ff642.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Determination of phosphorus buffering capacity and soil phosphorus requirement in four toposequence from arid and semi-arid regions using sorption isotherms (A case study: Isfahan and Shahrekord)
89
103
FA
Majid
Hejazi Meh
0000-0002-1561-8933
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
mhejazi@uk.ac.ir
اعظم
جعفری
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
a.jafari@yahoo.com
حسین
شریعتمداری
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
shariat@cc.iut.ac.ir
Phosphate reactions with soil components are important from the viewpoint of plant nutrition and P fertilizer use efficiency. Phosphorus buffering capacity in calcareous soils at upper-, mid-, and lower-slope positions of two arid and two semiarid landscapes were investigated. Sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Van Hay models to determine P buffering indices. The best fit is found to be with the Freundlich isotherm for all landscapes in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2=0.865-0.994) and the standard error of estimate. Maximum P sorption (derived from Langmuir and Freundlich) were found at lower-slope position of four landscapes. Among the physico-chemical properties of soils, di-thionate extractable Al (Ald) and Fe (Fed) were positively correlated with maximum P sorption showing that P availability in these soils was affected by Fe and Al oxides. Buffering capacity indices such as maximum buffering capacity, standard buffering capacity and K at lower-slope position were higher than other position. All P buffering indices in landscapes showed a positive correlation with Ald. High correlation coefficients between P buffering indices let us to use any buffering indices for prediction of P availability in soils. For maximum production, appropriate P management is needed at lower- slope position (agricultural lands) on the basis of higher P buffering indices and standard P requirement.
P Sorption,Buffering capacity indices,Landscape,P requirement
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2613.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2613_5143b44b79223ec0c7acfb03804c64dd.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Determination of discharge coefficient of compound triangular–rectangular sharp-crested side weirs
105
120
FA
Mojtaba
Ameri
دانشگاه شاهرود
m49_ameri@yahoo.com
احمد
احمدی
رییس دانشکده عمران دانشگاه شاهرود
ahmadia97@yahoo.co.uk
امیراحمد
دهقانی
دانشکده مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
amirahmad.dehghani@gmail.com
Sharp crested side weirs are one of the most common hydraulic structures used for flow diversion and control in irrigation, drainage networks, and waste-water channels. Simple side weirs generally have some limitations in flow escape and measurement face with relatively heavy flows from the main channel. The use of combined side weir is one way to solve this problem. Few studies have conducted flow hydraulics in combined side weirs. For this reason, in this study, compound rectangular–triangular sharp crested side weirs were studied experimentally in subcritical flow conditions. Finally, using dimensional analysis, parameters affecting the discharge coefficient of a compound side weir are a function of the upstream Froude number, the ratio of weighted crest height of the weir to upstream water depth and the ratio of weir length to upstream water depth and a relationship for estimating the discharge coefficient was proposed. Comparison of results by using proposed equation with experimental results, shows high accuracy (RMSE=0.00131 and R^2=0.991) in estimation of diverted discharge through compound side weir.
"The crest weighted height","Dimensional analysis","Linear combination","Side weir","Subcritical flow"
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2614.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2614_bf69d536fae086c320610ff90f815b35.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Flood Frequency Analysis on the basis of extreme values theory (Case Study: Arazkuseh hydrometric station, Golestan )
121
135
FA
Fatemeh
Zahedianfar
MSc. Student/ Water Resources Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
bahare.zahedi@yahoo.com
Khalil
Ghorbani
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
kghorbani@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Mehdi
Meftah Halaghi
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
meftahhalaghi@gmail.com
Mohammad
Abdolhosseini
0000-0002-3400-6078
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
abdolhosseini@gau.ac.ir
AmirAhmad
Dehghani
0000-0002-6795-3880
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
a.dehghani@gau.ac.ir
Flood is an important hydrological event which has considerable outcomes in human’s life. The frequency analysis of prior period is one of the ways for assessing this event. However, the selection method of extreme values can have a significant impact on frequency analysis of such events. Several approaches have been proposed for this purpose, including the annual maximum series (AMS) and the peaks over threshold (POT). In the AMS method, only the greatest event occurred in each year will be selected. But in POT method, regardless of the time of occurrence of extreme events, a threshold is determined and the values over threshold are participated in the frequency analysis. The question is that, how to determine the appropriate threshold. For this aim, some constraints have been made, satisfying them, optimal point can be determined. Golestan province is one of the major poles of agriculture in Iran. Thus, Arazkuseh station in this province, with longtime daily recorded discharge data during 1344-45 to 1388-89, was selected as the study area. Drawing time-series diagrams for discharge data, individual events were selected to be used in the POT method.<br />Comparing the results of the extreme values frequency analysis indicated that the POT method provides higher quantiles than the AMS, in different return periods. Also, by plotting confidence intervals for different return periods, POT method presents less uncertainty. The optimal threshold of 47 cubic meters per second was obtained for flood frequency analysis.
Frequency analysis,The extreme values theory,Peaks over threshold,Annual maximum series
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2615.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2615_b91cb6dc0599c057cc5f2ee56d8150bf.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
The Prediction of Heavy Precipitation Regarding the Impacts of 21th Century Climate Changes in selected stations Golestan Province
137
150
FA
behnaz
yazarloo
0000-0001-7390-9272
A graduate of the University of Natural Resources Gorgan
yazarloobehnaz@yahoo.com
mehdi
zakerinia
Head of Department & Assistant professor in water engineering group of Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources
a_zakerinia@yahoo.com
mohammad
abdolhosseini
0000-0002-3400-6078
Assistant professor in water engineering group of Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources
abd.phd@gmail.com
Excessive uses of fossil fuels, global population growth and increasing industrial expansion after industrial revolution have caused gradual evident changes in earth’s climate. The climate change resulted in change in hydrology regimen and increase of heavy rain falls in a way that a rise of extreme events is predicted for upcoming decades. The climate change in recent years has become an important issue due to the extreme events impacts on economy, society and financial losses which have turned it to a matter of considerable concern for climate scientists and the entire international community. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of climate change on precipitation amount in Golestan province’s specific stations during three upcoming periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 under two emission scenarios A1 and B2 and to analyze the impact of such changes on precipitation extreme events in this province. It is noteworthy to mention that in this research the precipitation data from Climate Research Unit (CRU) database besides proportional spatial and temporal downscaling method for variation agent were used. The results predicted the most increase in average annual precipitation in Bandar Torkaman station by 17.6% and the most decrease in Pishkamar station by 13.1% under A1 scenario during far period. Moreover the number of precipitation extreme events has risen as we get closer to the end of 21th century in which the more extreme precipitation under A1 and B2 scenarios is predicted to happen in wet and semi-dry stations respectively.
Climate Change,Weather extreme events,CRU,Downscaling,Emission scenario
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2616.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2616_179977530a3f334e80b18ab5d2a228ae.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
The effect of parallel wall on reduction of bridge abutment scour in compound channels
151
164
FA
مجتبی
کریمی
کارشناس ارشد اداره مهندسی و ساختمان شرکت نفت و گاز آغاجری
mojtabakarimi82@gmail.com
Yousef
Ramezani
Assistant Professor
Department of Water Engineering
University of Birjand
ramezani.y@gmail.com
مهدی
قمشی
استاد، گروه سازههای آبی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
m.ghomeshi@yahoo.com
Scour can be the main factor of bridges failure, collapsing, and as a result excessive repair costs and decreasing the access to the paths. Bridge failures due to scour at bridge abutments reveal importance of scour prediction and countermeasure. Most of the bridges abutments are located in floodplains. This study aims to investigate the effect of parallel wall construction on vertical wall abutment scour in compound channels. Experiments were carried out in different parallel wall lengths under clear water condition. The results show that with increasing the parallel wall length, the scour depth at the upstream corner of the abutment (critical point of scour) is decreased and in some cases at the upstream corner of the abutment the deposition was observed. Parallel wall can keep the maximum scour depth away from the upstream corner of the abutment and transfer it with a lower depth to the parallel wall nose. For constant flow depth and with increasing the parallel wall length, percentage reduction in scour depth at the upstream corner of the abutment increased, with a decreasing rate. Also, for constant flow depth and with different lengths of the parallel walls, same approximate scour depth results were seen at parallel wall noses. With increasing the flow depth, scour depth at the parallel wall nose increased. Using a parallel wall with length of half of the abutment length, depend on flow depth, 51 to 64 percentage reduction in scour depth at the upstream corner of the abutment was observed.
local scour,bridge failure,parallel wall,Flow pattern,Floodplain
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2617.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2617_2897448dd88208d9ab5aa9bbd751741d.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Effect of slope position on selected physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soil in
Chelgerd region, Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari
165
177
FA
jafar
Sharifi Garmdare
دانشجوی دکتری
jafar.sharifi.garmdare@gmail.com
مهدی
عاکف
گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان
ma7560227@gmail.com
محمد حسن
صالحی
گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد
mehsalehi@yahoo.com
عبدالمحمد
محنت کش
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
a_mehnatkesh@yahoo.com
Topography is one of the soil formation factors that has direct and indirect effects on physical and chemical properties, as well as soil formation and development. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slope position on selected soil characteristics in Chelgerd region of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari, Iran. Three transects were selected on west hill slope and 9 profiles were dug on three slope position, including summit, back slope and foot slope. Soil samples were gathered from each profile for physical and chemical analysis . Soil profiles in the summit and back slope were classified as Inceptisols while soil profiles in the foot slope position were classified as Vertisols. Significant differences between clay, sand and organic matter content in different slope positions were observed. The highest amount of clay and organic matter content were observed in foot slope position and maximum amount of sand was related to back slop position. Mineralogy results showed the presence of different minerals such as smectite, illite and kaolinite in all studied profiles; smectite with more than 70% was the dominant mineral. There was no significant difference between different slope positions in term of mineral composition, but smectite showed a slight increase toward down the slope.
slope position,soil development,Soil mineralogy,Soil physical and chemical characteristics
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2618.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2618_a933340c71e068d5ce744be93f5a36fc.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Comparison of the effects of Super absorbent and Vermicompost at different levels of irrigation water salinity on soil moisture storage
179
191
FA
Hossein
Bagheri
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه زابل و دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان
bagheri.hossein@live.com
peyman
afrasiab
استاد/ دانشگاه زابل
p_afrasiab@yahoo.com
High water rise in capillary tubes of clay soils causes a high loss of moisture in hot-arid regions. By considering clay soils' feature that do not absorb so much water, soils which contain these kinds of clays do not have a high capacity for retaining water. In order to investigate the effect of super absorbent and vermicompost on volumetric water content in various levels of irrigation water salinity, 12 plots of 1*1 m2 were created. An experiment was conducted in 4 levels of irrigation water salinity 0.79 (control), 5, 10, 15 dS/m in presence of super absorbent and vermicompost within 0.02 and 1.5 kg /plot and control plot. Water content was measured within 1st, 2nd, 5th, 9th and 13th day after irrigation by TDR method in each plot. Results showed that adding amendments did not have a significant effect on water content in 95% confidence level. Bilateral effect of salinity and amendments showed increasing salinity, pose decrease of super absorbent performance in water retention, since its ionic structure. The most water retention attained in high salinity level and as time passed, moisture losses in vermicompost plots became more than super absorbent plots.
Amended,Water quality,Moisture losses,Temporal variations of moisture
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2619.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2619_c69cb3234501fdf0640db502c440544d.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Effect of Soil Compaction and Organic Matter on Nitrogen Mineralization in Calcareous Soils
193
206
FA
Seyyed Ali Akbar
Moosavi
0000-0003-0305-2829
University Teacher- Shiraz University
aamousavi@gmail.com
بهناز
صالحی
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز
bsal87321shiraz1356@yahoo.com
مصطفی
دهقان
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز
mty4536dehgh786shiraz@yahoo.com
مجتبی
جعفری حقیقی
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز
jafarmojtaba903456@yahoo.com
Drought and low organic-matter-content of soil and intensive-movement of agricultural-machines result in soil-compaction and inducing some problems in soil-aeration, infiltration, and the availability of nutrient-elements which consequently result in yield-reduction and even plant-death. In order to studying the effect of soil-compaction (bulk-densities of 1.3, 1.5, and 1.7 g cm-3) and organic-matter(manure and sewage-sludge of 2 and 4 %W, respectively) application on nitrogen-mineralization, columns of three calcareous-soils of Daneshkadeh(Clay) and Kooyeh-Asatid(Silty-clay-loam) series of Bajgah and Chitgar(Clay-loam)-series of Sarvestan from Fars-province with the mentioned bulk-densities were prepared after mixing the soils with the organic-matters. The prepared-soil-columns were maintained at 25-30 ºC temperature and field-capacity-conditions(water-contents of 16-20%W depend on the soil-type). Total-N, nitrate and ammonium were measured in soil-columns after 50-days. At the end of experiment the total-N and ammonium-contents of Daneshkadeh-soil-series were significantly higher than the others, while the nitrate-content of studied-soils were not significantly different(P
Ammonium,Soil compaction,Mineral nitrogen,Nitrate
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2620.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2620_84242ef5ae04378e6feaf86d670f9456.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Simulation of scenarios urbanization impacts on and sediment using WetSpa model in Ziarat watershed, Iran
207
220
FA
مهتاب
فروتن
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
mahtab.forootan@yahoo.com
عبدالرضا
بهره مند
0000-0001-5012-2653
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
abdolreza.bahremand@yahoo.com
حسین
زینی وند
0000-0003-3132-9194
دانشگاه لرستان
hzeinivand@gmail.com
محید
اونق
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
mownegh@yahoo.com
علی
نجفی نژاد
0000-0000-0000-0000
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
najafinejad@gmail.com
Erosion and sediment transport is a complex process that is influenced by soil texture, topography, regional climate, land use, human activities such as farming systems and soil conservation measures. This study examines the effects of changes in land use and residential development on erosion and sedimentation in Ziarat watershed in Iran.. In this study, the basic WetSpa model inputs were the maps of a digital elevation model (DEM), land use and soil type in GIS raster format, and hydrometeorological data including hourly precipitation, evapotranspiration and temperature for 4 years (2007-2010). Hourly discharge and suspended sediment at the watershed outlet were used for the model calibration and validation. The accuracy of flow simulations based on the Nash - Sutcliffe model efficiency was 67.02% respectively. The evaluation of suspended sediment simulations for the calibration period based on the Nash – Sutcliffe criteria was 63.08% and 72.22 % for the suspended sediment concentration and sediment yield, respectively. Then, the residential development and land use change scenarios were developed in GIS environment and were used as input maps for the calibrated model. Comparison of the components of erosion and sediment transport results showed that by increasing the residential areas, suspended sediment concentration changed from 0.23 g/l for current situation (zero scenario) to 2.27 g/l in Scenario IV(100% increase in residential areas). Also the amount of suspended sediment yield increased from 253 g/s in current situation to 1143 g/s.
distributed hydrological WetSpa model,Golestan Province,Land Use Changes Suspended Sediment Concentration
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2621.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2621_0f63ca1de8ea8eec988615c5435ffae1.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
. Evaluating accuracy some of geostatistical methods to predict spatial variability of final infiltration rate
221
229
FA
Abbas
Yekzaban
university of guilan
abi35467@yahoo.com
Mahmoud
Shabanpour
0000-0003-0862-7804
University of guilan
shabanpour@guilan.ac.ir
Naser
Davatgar
Rice Research Institute of Iran
n_davatgar@yahoo.com
Nader
Pirmoradian
University of Guilan
npirmorad@yahoo.com
Soil properties continuously experience spatial variations in time and space. An awareness of these changes is necessary for increase profitability and sustainable agriculture management. In this study geostatistical techniques were used to describe the spatial structure of final infiltration rate and select an effective interpolation method to predict infiltration rate. From the study area 75 soil samples were collected by a systematic sampling strategy on gird spacing nearly 10 meter at 0 to 25 cm depth. Infiltration rate was measured in the field by using double-ring infiltrometeres until steady state (IRs). Three interpolation methods were used to estimate (IRs), which included inverse distance weight (IDW) with power 1 to 3, kriging and cokriging with Auxiliary variable, that including silt content and organic matter. The statistics mean absolute error (MAE) and mean bias error (MBE) with cross validation techniques were used to compare the prediction quality. Results showed that, the coefficient of variation of soil properties ranged from 7.26 % (silt content) to 88.49% (IRs) at this field. Result semivariogram showed that infiltration rate had range 24 m. According to the statistical parameter, both kriging and cokriging provided reasonable estimation as compared IDW. However using silt content as auxiliary data for estimating of IRs in cokriging method could reduce prediction error by 14% as compared kriging method.
Cokriging,Kriging,Semivariogram,Spatial variability
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2622.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2622_13140a0b74873b5fd78e6e536f5b63a8.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
Prediction of monthly average discharge using the hybrid model of artificial neural network and wavelet transforms (Case study: Kor River- Pol-e-Khan Station)
231
239
FA
Mohammad Reza
Nikmanesh
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارسنجان
mnikmanesh@yahoo.com
Awareness of flow rate data in rivers is essential for management of water resources, flood forecasting, engineering design and environmental management. The presented models for flow rate predicting in rivers, such as rainfall-runoff and time series are not consistent with the observed data in many cases due to the lack of accuracy and complexity of the factors affecting the discharge. Wavelet is one of the methods that has been considered in recent years in the field of hydrology. Wavelet method is also very effective in the field of signals analysis and time series. This paper presents a hybrid intelligent model based on artificial neural network and wavelet transforms is used to simulate monthly average discharge in Kor River and Pol-e-Khan Station. Performance of prediction models were evaluated using the criteria of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and determination coefficient . The results showed that the hybrid model of artificial neural network and wavelet transform with 2 degrees of decomposition offers the best results for the most suitable structure. In this structure, the output discharge for flow rate in the following month is calculated based on discharge in 4, 3, 2 and 1 month ago and current month and the values of RMSE and obtained 7.14 and 0.941 respectively.
discharge,Artificial neural network,wavelet,Kor River,Pol-e-Khan Station
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2623.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2623_fb6b5137faef14062a1609622316b1be.pdf
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
2322-2069
2322-2794
22
3
2015
08
23
The Effects of Khozeini Canal Reopening on the General Current Pattern in the Gorgan Bay
241
248
FA
saeed
sharbaty
Lecturere Dept. of Fisheries Gorgan University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
s_sharbaty@yahoo.com
ali
shabani
Associate Prof. Dept. of Fisheries Gorgan University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
shabani@gau.ac.ir
In this investigation, 2D modeling results of current pattern using MIKE 21 FM model to investigate the effects of Khozeini canal reopening on the general current pattern on the Gorgan bay under 24 different scenarios were compared. Modeling on the two types of unstructured meshes for 5 hours, 50 minutes and with 30 seconds time steps were implemented. In all of the modeling, mean annual precipitation, evaporation and 13 rivers input to the bay as well as the effect of dominant eastern wind with 6 different speeds were used. The effects of components of waves radiation induced of dominant wind by implementation of the wave model of MIKE 21 NSW in the 6 distinct scenarios are considered in the hydrodynamic model of MIKE 21 FM. In order to considering of the boundary conditions at the open boundaries, mean maximum discharges of inlet and outlet in the Ashoradeh-Bandartorkaman spans and Khozeini canal were used. Simulation results represented that the current pattern in Gorgan Bay is influenced by the inlet and outlet discharge at the spans of Ashoradeh-Bandartorkaman and prevailing wind. Reopening of the Khozeini canal has no significant effect on the general circulation current pattern of the bay and only in areas very close to the canal changing local current pattern to be North-South. In stormy times, the maximum current velocity of 0.23 meters per second observed in areas close to the canal.
Gorgan Bay,Khozeini canal,MIKE 21 FM,MIKE 21 NSW
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2624.html
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2624_8e6308f6b11c44f93bcf282f67cadc3d.pdf