Evaluating and optimizing the parameters of soil infiltration models in Lighvan watershed, Northwest of Iran
Mehdi
Rahmati
دانشگاه مراغه
author
محمد رضا
نیشابوری
دانشگاه تبریز
author
مجید
محمدی اسکوئی
دانشگاه صنعتی سهند
author
احمد
فاخری فرد
دانشگاه تبریز
author
عباس
احمدی
دانشگاه تبریز
author
سید بهمن
موسوی
دانشگاه مراغه
author
text
article
2016
per
The current investigation was carried out at the Lighavn watershed area, located in East Azerbaijan, North West of Iran, regarding optimizing of the different infiltration models parameters and their evaluations for cumulative infiltration prediction. Applied infiltration models were including Green and Ampt, Kostyakov, modified Kostyakov, Philip, Horton, and Kutilic and Kreja models. To this end, soil sampling and ground based measurements were done at late spring of 2012. Comulative infiltration were also measured at 135 points of the study area using disk infiltrometer. Results, models comparison based on ER criteria, showed that Kutılek and Krejca (ER=4%), Kostyakov (ER=8%), modified Kostyakov (ER=10%), Horton (ER=13%), Green and Ampt (ER=36%), and Philip (ER=37%) models, respectively, were the most to least precise models in cumulative infiltration or infiltration rate prediction. The results also depicted that the Kostyakov and modified Kostyakov models are suitable more models for future uses regarding cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates prediction.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
1
20
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2933_e2b08bcd823898d5dcfef63a481d66a1.pdf
Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution Risk in Soils of Central Zanjan Province Based on Pollution Indices
Ali
Afshari
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
Hossein
Khademi
استاد گروه خاک شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
Saeed
Hojjati
استادیار گروه خاک شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران
author
text
article
2016
per
This study was conducted to determine natural concentration of heavy metals and their pollution risk using pollution indices in a 2000 km2 area in central Zanjan. Soil samples (N=241) was takenfrom 0-10 cm depth based on gridding procedurein a completely randomized design. Geometric means of 53 natural soilsamples were used to determine heavy metals background concentrationin the area. Results showed that the background concentration for Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were 16509, 628.4, 24.2, 20, 40.7, 27, 91.8, 57.8 and 0.25 mgkg-1, respectively. The means of enrichment factor for Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Mnwere found 4.20, 2.16, 1.69, 1.64, 1.19, 1.17, 1.04 and 1.02, respectively. In all land uses studied, the geo-accumulation index was negative for the elements Fe, Mn, Co, Cr and Ni, indicating that the study area is categorized in non-polluted soil groups. However, the geo-accumulation index for Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu varied in urban land uses was positive.The pollution index for Cd and Zn under agriculture (3.01 and 1.83), rangeland (3.33 and 1.60) and urban (9.86 and 4.35) land uses were higher than other elements studied. Moreover, the lowest pollution indexes in all land uses were attributed to the metals Fe,Mn,Co and Cr. The mean of potential of ecological risk in agriculture, rangeland and urban land uses were 114.09,122.08 and 339.62, respectively; in which the urban land use showed the highest potential of ecological risk for inhabitants of the area.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
21
40
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2934_b19303729646c276165c1fe951fb5fc8.pdf
Self-Similarity Theory and relationships to determine discharge of sluice gates with cylindrical edge in free flow and submerged
mohammad
Nourollahi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Ali Naghi
Ziaei
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Ali Asghar
Beheshti
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2016
per
Gates are among the most common hydraulic structures in open channels that are used for flow control and water level control. The vertical slide gates suffer from lower contraction coefficient and thus lower flow rate capacity. In this paper, the hydraulic performance of a new modified gate, combination of a vertical slide gate with a cylindrical edge (Drum gate), has been studied. The dimensionless head-discharge relationships of this new modified gate were proposed based on dimensional analysis and the incomplete self similarity concept. In these relationships, the flow rate is related to the upstream depth, the gate opening, and the cylinder diameter. The proposed equation is accurate and practical so that it removes the need to consider the discharge coefficient. Results showed that this equation can be fitted to laboratory data very well. The mean relative error for estimation of discharge in the free and submerged conditions was less than 2 and 5 percent, respectively. Therefore, these equations can be used as a design tool for slide gates with cylindrical edge.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
41
59
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2935_636824c06912721aca8e623eafb25810.pdf
Assessment of parameter uncertainty of MODFLOW model using GLUE method (Case study: Birjand plain)
Bahare Sadat
Hamraz
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند
author
Abolfazl
Akbarpour
دانشیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بیرجند
author
Mohsen
Pourreza Bilondi
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بیرجند
author
text
article
2016
per
Background and objectives: Groundwater modeling often associates with uncertainties caused by incomplete knowledge of the underlying system or uncertainties due to natural variability in system processes and field conditions. Uncertainty in groundwater modeling has been evaluated by researchers in three main sources that can be classified as parameter uncertainty, conceptual uncertainty (model structure uncertainty) and input uncertainty (observation uncertainty). So far, there are few studies that they assess groundwater uncertainty in the country, and quantifying uncertainty has been limited to the statistical methods. Due to the importance of the water resources in the country and the necessity of estimating the uncertainty in order to achieve accurate and reliable results, in this study, parameter uncertainty of an arid region’s groundwater flow model was assessed by using a Monte Carlo-based simulation technique.Materials and methods: First, conceptual groundwater model of Birjand plain, located in the southern province, was developed based on collecting all available data, including topography, observed and withdrawal wells information, recharge information, hydrodynamic properties of aquifer, surface elevation data. Then, the MATLAB-based MODFLOW model was used to simulate the groundwater flow. After initial calibration in steady state, for assessing parameter uncertainty in transient mode two scenarios were defined. In the first scenario uncertainty analysis was performed by assuming that the hydraulic conductivity is one of the major contributors to the model uncertainty. So the aquifer was divided into 17 homogeneous zones according to initial calibration of hydraulic conductity results, and the parameter uncertainty was assessed using Monte Carlo (MC) sampling technique, namely, the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). In the second scenario, 9 recharge zones were additionally considered as the second parameters, and their influence on the hydraulic conductivity and the total uncertainty were estimated by the GLUE.Results: Posterior parameter plots of hydraulic conductivity in the 17 homogeneous regions and recharge in the 9 inflow pathways and also, 95% confidence intervals for the simulated water table depth, were obtained as main results. The Indices, as criteria for the comparison, were used to quantify the goodness of uncertainty performance and the sensitive regions in the aquifer were specified by implementing global sensitivity analysis of the model.Conclusion: Results indicate up to 86% of observed data bounded in the 95% confidence intervals that is emphatic the good performance of the GLUE and also the likelihood function, Weighted Root Mean Squared Error (WRMSE), in the assessment of parameter uncertainty in a groundwater simulation model.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
61
79
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2936_7e146629ee415d1b1e52179aee522006.pdf
Numerical investigating of the effect of lateral channel junction position on flow pattern at river bend
رسول 
قبادیان
گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
author
Zahra
Seyedi tabar
دانشگاه رازی
author
text
article
2016
per
Rivers have direct pathway rarely and run in a sinus curve pattern usually. Joining lateral channel to main channel at a bend location changes the conventional flow pattern at river bend completely. Recent flow pattern not only is affected by centrifugal force and stream and spin wise pressure gradient but also by momentum of lateral channel flow. Exact recognizing of this phenomenon needs extended studies. Therefore in this study using SSIIM1 model the effect of three position of straight lateral channel that is connected to a U bend at 45, 90 and 135 degree from the start of bend with a 90 degree confluence angle on flow velocity, variation of water surface elevation, shear stress distribution and helical flow strength was considered. The result indicated by increasing the junction position from 45 to 135 degree of the bend start, stream wise flow velocity near the outer wall of bend increases maximum %56 while near the inner wall of bend decreases %8. Also maximum difference between the upstream and downstream flow depth around confluence area at 45 degree position was showed that was equal to %6.15 of tailwater depth. For position of 135 degree of the bend start this difference was about %5.4 of tailwater depth. Additionally the result indicated shear stress at confluence area increases %8 when the position of junction angle change from 45 to 135 from start of bend.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
81
98
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2937_37736aa70d2b20b510930b1499786cf6.pdf
Two century tree ring reconstruction of drought using Multivariate Standardized Precipitation Index (MSPI) in Javanroud-Kermanshah region
mehdi
nadi
دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تهران
author
Kambiz
Pourtahmasi
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
Javad
Bazrafshan
استادیار دانشگاه تهران
author
Akhim
Brauning
استاد دانشگاه ارلانگن-نورمبرگ
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, the simultaneous effect of short and long-term water resources was investigated on growth of Quercus Infectoria trees in Kermanshah by using multivariate standard precipitation index (MSPI), which is based on modified standardized precipitation index (SPImod). The index is based on principal component analysis technique (PCA). Results of correlation between MSPI and tree rings width during 1968-2008 showed that the overall status of water resources in January to September had the greatest impact on growth of oak trees and also the highest MSPI correlation with tree ring width was in July. Then based on linear relationship between tree ring width and MSPI of July, This index was reconstructed over the 1818-2008 periods. According to the results of this research, Droughts average duration were 2 years, nevertheless severe droughts duration were 3 and 4 years. The most severe droughts during the past two centuries have occurred in the 1960-1963, 1827-1830 and 1999-2001 periods, respectively. Results have a good agreement with Iran’s historical famines and droughts records and also with neighbor countries research results, far east (China) and western countries (Turkey and the Mediterranean zone), especially in the case of severe drought. But the results of this research are most consistent with the results of research conducted in countries on the path of the Mediterranean air masses (south of Mediterranean Sea and Middle East region). It seems that the results of this research can be used for investigation of Middle East past climate, confidently.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
99
116
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2938_d321d1925b23303c74dc971f60038226.pdf
Application of Statistical Methods and Saturation Indices in Groundwater Quality Assessment of the Marand Plain
اصغر
اصغری مقدم
دانشگاه تبریز
author
میرسجاد
فخری
دانشگاه تبریز
author
مرتضی
نجیب
سازمان آب منطقه ای تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
Marand plain is one of the fertile plains of East Azerbaijan Province which 80 percent of its water demands supply by groundwater. Therefore, qualitative protection of groundwater resources of this Plain is vital. In this Study, Statistical Methods and Saturation Indices are used for assessment of quality parameters. For this purpose, 48 water samples were collected from groundwater resources and analyzed for major and some minor ions and species (NO3-, F- and SiO2). Groundwater resources are separated by cluster analyzing in three distinct groups. In first group the water type is bicarbonate sodic and in second and third groups its coloro sodic. The results of factor analysis indicated that three factors such as salty geologic formations dissolve of minerals and increasing of evaporation control about 75% of the total samples variance. To identify geochemical processes governing to the aquifer, saturation indices of calcite, dolomite and gypsum of the samples were evaluated. The results showed that the chemical composition of ground water affected by recharging water from the river, water and formation reactions and evaporation from the groundwater.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
117
133
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2939_942cbdc4049ed71710ea911ce9bd58a7.pdf
Predicting monthly precipitation of Kermanshah synoptic station using the hybrid model of neural network and wavelet
غلامعلی
مظفری
دانشیار آب و هواشناسی دانشگاه یزد
author
شهاب
شفیعی
دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی دانشگاه یزد
author
حمیدرضا
همتی
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد هوش مصنوعی دانشگاه یزد
author
text
article
2016
per
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
135
152
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2940_3cff240dc2268da74f759c8eec2bd8c1.pdf
Prediction of Monthly Dissolved Oxygen Using Wavelet and Artificial Neural Network Combined Model
طاهر
رجایی
استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران/ دانشگاه قم
author
امیر
برومند
دانشجوی دکتری/ دانشگاه قم
author
text
article
2016
per
Qualitative and quantitative management of water resources to meet the demand for different usages is the major approach in each country policy. In this regard, dam reservoirs water quality monitoring is an important step in the management of these resources. This study investigated the prediction of dissolved oxygen in a gauging station in the Boulder reservoir (USA) by artificial neural network, multi linear regression and conjunction of wavelet analysis and artificial neural network models. In the proposed wavelet analysis and artificial neural network model, observed time series of dissolved oxygen was decomposed at different scales by wavelet analysis. Then, total effective time series of this water quality index was imposed as inputs to the artificial neural network model for prediction of dissolved oxygen in one month ahead. Results showed that the wavelet analysis and artificial neural network combined model performance were better in prediction rather than the artificial neural network and multi linear regression models. Using wavelet analysis improved the modeling results considerably. In the combined model, determination coefficient, E, and RMSE is obtained 0.96 and 0.22 respectively. Artificial neural network and the combined wavelet with artificial neural network models produced reasonable predictions for the minimum values that lead anaerobic condition in reservoir.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
153
169
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2941_fbc22887fab01d7336e8c930102d47c9.pdf
Comparing the Performance of Support Vector machines and Bayesian Networks in predicting daily river flow (case study: Barandoozchay River)
Farshad
Ahmadi
Shahid Chamran university of Ahwaz
author
فریدون
رادمنش
دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
رسول
میرعباسی نجف آبادی
دانشگاه شهر کرد
author
text
article
2016
per
Accurate estimation of river discharge is one of the important steps to optimum use of water resources. In this study, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Bayesian Networks (BNs) methods were used to forecast daily discharge of Barandoozchay River. The daily discharge data of Barandoozchay River measured at the Dizaj hydrometric station during 2006 to 2010 was used for modeling, which 80% of the data used for training and remaining 20% used for testing of models. For assessing the role of memory in increasing or reducing of model accuracy, we tested different combinations of input variables. The results showed that at first, the accuracy of models increased with increasing of memory, as the most accuracy obtained in third combination of input variables in both of the methods. After that, with increasing of memory, the accuracy of models decreased. Comparing the performance of SVM and BNs models indicated that the accuracy of the SVM method with the R=0.976 and RMSE=1.80 (m3/s) was slightly more than BNs method with R=0.964 and RMSE=1.96 (m3/s).
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
171
186
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2942_30c3051c33c4660cd8a855dd1cd695e6.pdf
Experimental investigation of effect of attached vane installing on bridge abutment local scour and flow pattern
kheyrolah
khademi
دانش آموخته دوره دکتری سازه های آبی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
محمود
شفاعی بجستان
استاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
hossein
khozeymehnezhad
عضوهیات علمی/دانشگاه بیرجند
author
text
article
2016
per
Abstract: In this study, the performance of vane attached to the bridge abutment and the influence of parameters such as height and angle of the vane installing in the reduction of local scour around bridge abutment were investigated. The results showed that the installing angle and height of vane had a significant impact on the reduction of abutment scour. So that the vane height increases, the performance of vane will be improve. Also the results showed that installing angle of 40 ° for vane is most appropriate angle. Following this research, three-dimensional components of velocity were determined with electromagnetic velocimeter around abutment with attached vane and used for drawing flow pattern. Investigation of flow pattern around bridge abutment in case of using submerged vane showed, this structure had the effective role on reduction of local scour by creating a low velocity zone around bridge abutment and control of primary vortexes.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
187
201
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2943_835c44f219157c41fbc668091c8697d2.pdf
The effects of plant residuse and zeolite on penetration resistance in paddy cracked soil
maryam
alizadeh
PHD STUDENT/ UNIVERSITY OF ZABOL
author
farhad
mirzie
Assistant Professor/ university of tehran
author
timor
sohrabi
Professor/ university of tehran
author
mohamad reza
yazdani
Assistant Professor/Rice Research Institute of Iran.
author
text
article
2016
per
The ways of dealing with density include control of soil moisture control during tillage, the control of vehicle's traffic on the soil, weight reduction and vehicle's contact pressure with soil and changing of soil structure by adding organic material. In order to study of the effect of organic materials and zeolite and their mutual effect at different moisture stages on resistance to pentrometer penetration, organic material factor in four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent), zeolite factor in four levels (0, 8, 16 and 24 tons per hectare), also soil moisture levels which are in two dry and wet stage at five levels (saturation, capillary crack, final crack, return final crack to capillary crack and when the crack have destroyed) were examined in three replicates as the factorial based on complete randomized blocks design in Rice Research Institute. The results showed that adding plant residues has increased resistance to pentrometer penetration in soil to 37 percent, the reason of increased resistance to pentrometer penetration in treatments containing plant residues, is the levels of plant residues which aren't decomposed. While adding plant residues causes reduced resistance to pentrometer penetration will accelerate in wet process. It was also found that resistance to pentrometer penetration with subsidence of soil, volume shrinkage of soil, Bulk density and soil moisture content highly correlated (0.7811- 0.9916). Finally it's recommended that in order to reduction of the resistance to pentrometer penetration, plant residues will be added to the soil for long time.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
203
215
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2944_2558a65c8a8afa960cae1aa7fed96c92.pdf
Evaluation of Yield Model and Standard Operation Policy in Developing of Operation Rule Curve (Case study: Shaheed Rajaee Dam)
Alireza
Emadi
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
Masoumeh
Khademi
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
Saheleh
kakouei
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
text
article
2016
per
The rule curve as main pattern operation of reservoirs in different months of year and in different conditions of storage reservoir is determining the amount of reservoir release. In this study to planning and water resources management, SOP and Yield models is developed that related to operation of reservoir to storage volume in beginning of the period. Shaheed rajaee dam has been studied in order to efficiency this model in developing of rule curve. In this study, were considered discharges of river at dam site and middle basin between shaheed rajaee dam and tajan diversion dam. Several options were examined in developing model. In this options, assume that to be supplied 100 percent of the drinking requirement, industrial and environmental requirement and 40 to 80 percent of agriculture requirement that middle basin is not able to provide it. Average annual water deficit in the SOP and yield models was achieved 23.6 and 15.16 MCM, respectively. Average and minimum reliability in yield model was 3.81 and 52.29 percent more than SOP model, respectively. Also Maximum Vulnerability in yield model was 80 percent less than SOP model.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
217
229
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2945_3e9dd9a93ed41d99216f1aa9e3917396.pdf
Comparison of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) for Optimizing Exploitation of Doroudzan Reservoir with Application Chain Constraints Approach
omolbani
mohammad reza pour
دانشگاه زابل
author
text
article
2016
per
AbstractOptimization of the exploitation of dam reservoir is considered as one of the most vital problems in field of water science engineering. This problem has been solved through common optimization methods at present time. One of the most important approaches of optimization is the utilization of meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, the imperialist competitive algorithm has been used to solve optimization of exploitation from dam reservoir. The approach has been taken in this study is the application of continuity equation in order to determine the initial position of each country that is named as chain constraints. The results of applying the chain constraints and lack of application of the chain constraints have been compared and consequently these results have been compared with one of well -known Algorithm named as Ant Colony Algorithm. The results indicated that imperialist competitive algorithm without considering the continuity equation , rarelyable to find possible answer and applying the chain constraints to determine the initial position of countries, enhanced the performance of algorithm more efficiently and it leads to even better performance compared to ant colony algorithm, and find an appropriate value for the objective function, so that after running ten times, the mean for objective function for imperialist competitive algorithm was 15.822 and for ant colony algorithm was 48.008.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
231
243
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2946_2ed0cc4e837a89b1b02ea3db1dbd0e7b.pdf
soil moisture effect on nitrogen cycle under maize Furrow Irrigation using HYDRUS-1D model
مریم
نوابیان
دانشگاه گیلان - دانشکده کشاورزی - گروه آبیاری
author
نرگس
جلیل نژاد ماسوله
گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان
author
text
article
2016
per
Complexity, variety and improper management of agricultural contaminants and high volume of water losses due to improper design and management of irrigation and drainage systems increase share of agriculture in water resources, soil and environment contamination. Control and reduce pollution of the available nitrogen in the fertilizer is needed to understand the biological cycle in the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to simulate nitrogen cycle and evaluate the impact of soil moisture content on denitrificaton rate under furrow fertigation systems using HYDRUS model. In this regard, field experiments done under constant furrow fertigation in the furrow with 83 meters in length and clay-loam soil texture. The conversion coefficients of nitrogen cycle included dispersion coefficient and order conversions from the parameters of nitrogen cycle based on observational data, soil moisture and nitrate concentrations using inverse modeling techniques that were obtained. To study plant effect on the nitrogen cycle, the model is studied in presence and absence of plant. Statistical indexes such as RMSE and R2; model was used to evaluate the simulation results. The results showed that modified Van Genuchten method performance with statistical indexes RMSE=0.02879 and R2=0.9899, considering presence of plants better estimate of parameter values of nitrogen cycle concentrations in corn furrow irrigation. The maximum soil moisture where denitrificaton occurred, 50% of the saturation value is obtained and compared with the premise Williams (1995), using denitrificaton factor in the simulation of the nitrogen cycle in corn fertigation was led to improved results.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
245
258
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2947_e1e10e227a765697a661288b0d595a45.pdf
Effect of midseason surface drainage on the cracks characteristics of surface soil in paddy fields
Nader
Pirmoradian
University of Guilan
author
Nasrin
Dehghani
University of Guilan
author
Valiollah
Karimi
Haraz Extension & Technology Development Center
author
Maryam
Navabian
University of Guilan
author
text
article
2016
per
To increase productivity of paddy fields, a suitable management of midseason drainage can be considered. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of surface midseason drainage duration in paddy fields of Mazandaran province on surface cracks of soil. The planted rice cultivar was Tarom-Hashemi. A field experiment was done with the six surface drainage duration treatments of 0, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 days and three replications at Haraz Extension and Technology Development Center. Base on the results, the effects of surface midseason drainage duration on length, width and depth of the soil cracks were significant. Maximum width and length of the soil cracks were 7 mm and 10 cm, respectively, which were gained by 13-day drainage duration treatment. Application of the 11 and 13 days drainage duration treatments significantly increased the depth of soil cracks. With considering the maximum of soil crack depth be less than hardpan depth, applying 17-day midseason drainage duration in study area is recommended.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
259
270
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2948_53c16540b5af83aa60f091d5d607fe44.pdf
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterium, and Drought Stress on Different Forms of Soil Potassium and Potassium Uptake of Maize
Majid
Baghernejad
Professor / Shiraz University
author
Elmira
Lotfi
Former Student
author
Najaf ali
Karimian
Professor/ Shiraz University
author
Mehdi
Zarei
Associate Professor / Shiraz University
author
text
article
2016
per
Abstract A set of greenhouse experiments in a factorial completely randomized design was conducted to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices), Pseudomonas fluorescence bacteria, and drought stress on potassium absorption by maize (Zea mays) and also on different forms of potassium in a calcareous soil. The factors were consisted of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus at two levels: G0 (not inoculated with fungus) and G1 (inoculated with Glomus intraradices), bacteria at two levels: B0 (not inoculated with bacterium) and B1 (inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescence) and drought stress at four levels: S0 (without stress), S1 (%75 FC), S2 (%50 FC) and S3 (%25 FC). As drought stress increased, the concentration of potassium different forms and uptake increased, and root colonization percent decreased. Co-application of mycorrhizal fungus and bacterium significantly increased root colonization percent. With increasing of drought stress levels, singly using of fungus and co-application of mycorrhizal fungus and bacterium in comparison with non inoculated treatments increased the concentration of potassium different forms and uptake.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
271
282
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2949_0ff6fd639632d4c2a90ba22ed51a2eb4.pdf
Prediction of scour depth around inclined bridge Piers group using optimized ANFIS system parameters with GA
mahdi
esmaeili
عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه گیلان، سازه های هیدرولیکی/مهندسی رودخانه
author
اطهر
کنعانی
دانشگاه گیلان
author
مریم
نوابیان
عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه گیلان
author
سید حامد
اشرف تالش
دانشگاه گیلان
author
text
article
2016
per
The main cause of collapse of bridges is scour around bridge piers. Therefore, knowledge about the effective parameters and estimation of maximum scour depth has an important rule on the safe design of bridges in rivers. The aim of this research is evaluation of optimized ANFIS parameters with GA on prediction of maximum scour depth and comparison with all FIS generator of Matlab Toolbox ANFIS. 48 set of experimental data of scour around incline bridge piers were used. To comparison of performance of results, R2 and RMSE were utilized. Analysis of results showed that GENFIS1 generator of ANFIS toolbox in Matlab had the best performance, which could predict maximum scour with R2 and RMSE, 0.976 and 0.053, respectively. Comparison of predicted scour depths indicated that optimization of ANFIS parameters had better prediction of desired parameters with R2 and RMSE, 0.992 and 0.02537 in comparison of ANFIS toolbox in Matlab software.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
283
294
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2950_fd9a98aec998a801182a637f816cc5b5.pdf
Spatial assessment of potential runoff harvesting sites in Watershed systems. (A case of study: Golbahar watershed)
Davood
Akhzary
دانشگاه ملایر
author
Samaneh
Eftekhary
دانشگاه گرگان
author
واحد بردی
شیخ
دانشگاه منابع طبیعی گرگان
author
text
article
2016
per
Water harvesting can be used to minimize water loss and augment water supplies in watershed systems. Water scarce countries such as some parts of Iran are facing to poor rainfall distribution. Recent initiatives focus to explore more efficient alternatives to water supply and recognition of numerous opportunities to implement runoff harvesting as a means to supplement water availability. The most important step in making use of rainwater harvesting systems is site selection appropriate. Identifying appropriate areas for water harvesting systems results. The aim of this research is developing a framework for spatial assessment of rain water harvesting potential. To assess the potential for runoff generation, A conceptual model of rainfall- runoff has been applied. Integrating this conceptual model and Arc GIS, spatial distribution of runoff potential across the study area has been estimated. Then, prioritization of areas and sub watershed for surface water harvesting Purposes has been carried out based on physical and economic index. The benefit/cost indicator has been use in the economic analysis. The results shows that these economically prioritized sub watershed are those with higher total amount of surface water harvesting potential while have lower establishment costs. It worth to mention that an extensive data set has been used for the spatial assessment purpose, The proposed methodology improve the capability for water resource management in the Golbahar and other similar watersheds.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
295
305
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2951_0456293f0224d0d1a4125ad2f7d1076b.pdf
Fitting the Seasonal Time Series Model to the rivers discharge in time domain
(Case Study: Atrak River)
Mohsen
Rezanejad Keshteli
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته آمار ریاضی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان
author
منوچهر
بابانژاد
استادیار گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان
author
آرش
امینی
استادیار گروه زمینشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان
author
text
article
2016
per
Nowadays, investigating forecasting of the hydrological variables behavior and the effective climatological factors on it in the time domain are considered by researchers. Therefore, the usage of time dependent data analysis in the prediction of river discharge rates is statistically valid, and use them for water resources management and infrastructure designing is an inevitable issue. Atrak River is one of the most important water resources in economic, agricultural and environmental issues in the North East of Iran. In recent years, this river had overflow or decline the water levels that certainly affected on river discharge rates. In this paper, we use the data of the six hydrometric stations from 1352-1382 of Atrak river. In this paper, first we have a descriptive analysis of data and then fit suitable models for discharge time series data. At last, with estimate the parameters of the model, predict the distribution of the river flow rate. In fit model and estimate the parameters of the model, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Mean Square Error (MSE) is important. After fix the variance of the data and remove the trend and seasonality variation and use the Autocorrelation and Partial Autocorrelation plots, we choose the ARIMA(1,0,2)(1,1,2)12 model. At last, with this time series model, we forecast the rate of the river discharge for next year and observe that it will decline in the coming year.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
307
315
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2952_99dea3e2126695457db8d1b5665db64a.pdf
Investigation of effects of different canopy cover of olive on some soil properties under an agroforestry system (Case study: Aq Qala, Golestan province
fatemeh
jafari
M.Sc, Arid Areas Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
hamidreza
asgari
2- Assistant Professor, Arid Areas Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
mohsen
hosseinalizade
2- Assistant Professor, Arid Areas Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2016
per
Background and objectives:Trees play an important role in all terrestrial ecosystems. Trees can have a main impact by their root system and canopies on conservation, fertility and improve quality of soil. Studies conducted in context of the effect of trees on soil properties indicate that presence of trees have been an important role in improving soil properties under their canopy. Considering the importance and role of trees on the surrounding soil properties, trees management is essential in Programs principles of soil conservation and fertility. One thing that should be considered in this context is the canopy of trees. Therefore, in this study has been paid to investigate of effect of olive trees canopies in an agroforestry system on soil organic matter and nutrient.Materials and methods:For this study was considered the land under agroforestry system (wheat cultivation in between olive trees) and land under wheat cultivation (control area). In agroforestry system, was considered three treatments of canopy cover: canopy cover with small area, canopy cover with moderate area and large canopy cover. Organic matter was used titration method and soil nitrogen was calculated by using correlation between nitrogen and organic matter. Soil soluble phosphor was determined by Olsen method and spectrophotometer. Measurement of potassium was determined by using ammonium acetate method and flame photometry. Mean weight diameter was measured by wet sieving. To analyze the data from laboratory results were used by SPSS and Excel and for comparison of means were used by test least significant difference (LSD).Results:The results show that different treatments of canopy cover have a significant effect on organic matter, phosphorous and mean weight diameter at 1% and 5% level of significance. Significant correlations have not been observed between different treatments of canopy cover and soil potassium. As a result of the implementation of agroforestry system, increased amount of organic matter from %0.22 to %1.49, nitrogen from %0.01 to %0.074, phosphorus from 0.79 to 1.22 mg/L, potassium from 4.94 to 6.95 mg/L and mean weight diameter from 0.04 to 0.15 mm.Conclusion:The presence of litter fall and wheat debris under trees increased soil organic matter and nutrient and improve soil properties. Agroforestry system can be as an approach to increase of soil fertility and help to prevent of soil erosion especially in arid zone because of combination of several different systems (trees, crops and pasture). Today, due to increase of population has followed increasing demand for food. This led to increased utilization of agricultural land and loss of soil fertility. Agroforestry system as a sustainable agricultural can increase soil fertility in long term.
Journal of Water and Soil Conservation
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-2069
22
v.
6
no.
2016
317
325
https://jwsc.gau.ac.ir/article_2953_c68258ec51a09a2b5910947eb07d33cc.pdf